安·帕努夫尼克《节庆协奏曲》

Andrzej Panufnik: Concerto festivo Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra Jacek Kaspszyk, conductor

音乐历史上的今天

1914年9月24日,作曲家安杰伊.帕努夫尼克（Andrzej Panufnik，1914——1991）在华沙降生。“出生在1914年的波兰可不是好事。我长到六七岁都没什么吃的，即便你有钱。当我的创作力达到顶峰时，二战爆发了。然后在1949年，又开始压制艺术家。”

 安杰伊·帕努夫尼克爵士(1914年9月24日生于波兰华沙)。生于波兰的英国作曲家和指挥家，他创作的作品具有独特的当代波兰风格，尽管他的作品体裁多种多样。

帕努夫尼克的父亲是一个乐器制造者，他的母亲是一个小提琴家，也是他的启蒙老师。他9岁开始作曲，1932-1936年在华沙音乐学院学习作曲，1937-1938年在维也纳学院与菲利克斯·维加特纳学习指挥。之后，他在巴黎和伦敦完成了学业，回到华沙。二战期间，他不得不在那里低调下来，偶尔以钢琴家的身份在地下音乐会中表演。他所有的早期作品都在1944年的华沙起义中被毁，但他能够 重新创作出其中的一些作品。

帕努夫尼克指挥过克拉科夫爱乐乐团(1945-1946)和华沙爱乐乐团(1946-1947)，从1947年起，他担任多个欧洲管弦乐团的客座指挥。他的作品也引起了人们的注意，并赢得了许多奖项; 他于1954年 来到英国。(1961年，他加入英国国籍。)帕努尼克是伯明翰市交响乐团的音乐总监(1957-1959)，之后致力于创作自己的作品，包括10部交响乐，各种其他管弦乐作品，协奏曲，室内作品，以及合唱和声乐作品。1990年9月，帕努尼克36年来第一次回到波兰，指挥了他最后一部交响乐的欧洲首演。 次回到波兰，指挥了他最后一部交响乐的欧洲首演。 1991 年 1 月 1 日，伊丽莎白二世女王授予帕努夫尼克爵士称号，以表彰他对英国文化的贡献。同年，波兰总统莱赫·瓦文萨还为他颁发了“波兰复原功绩勋章”。同年10 月27日去世，享年 77 岁。

 帕努夫尼克的自传《塑造自我》于1987年出版。
 

今日视频：1、 华沙爱乐乐团演奏安·帕努夫尼克《节庆协奏曲》2、 安·帕努夫尼克大提琴协奏曲 ; 3、安·帕努夫尼克 小提琴协奏曲。

在战后初期的那些年里，他开始重新创作那些失传的交响乐和其他作品，但很快他就决定要放下过去，重新开始。他只保留了三部修复作品，即《五首波兰农民歌曲》、《钢琴三重奏》（他的作品编号为1）以及《悲剧序曲》（献给他勇敢的哥哥米雷克，后者是波兰地下组织的一名无线电操作员）。他在本国赢得了国际赞誉和荣誉，那些 20 世纪 40 年代中期的作品的独特性使他成为了波兰先锋派的“奠基人”。
1948 年之后，随着苏联社会主义现实主义的推行，帕努夫尼克的处境发生了巨大的变化。作为波兰的顶尖作曲家，他在欧洲享有极高的声誉，但他所承受的压力却比他的同胞们要大得多，被迫按照苏联强加的社会主义现实主义的要求创作，创作出那种人为地“积极向上”的、按照当局指令编排的音乐。他所创作的一切有价值的作品都被指责为“西方的、资产阶级的、腐朽的”。1949 年，肖邦逝世一百周年之际，他被选为联合国教科文组织音乐委员会的副主席，尽管波兰当局从未允许他参加任何相关的仪式或音乐会。他不懈努力，试图为他的同行作曲家争取更好的经济和其他帮助，并深切关注波兰音乐的未来；然而，由于受到批评、限制和无法忍受的政治压力的束缚，他再也无法创作，他生命中的动力就此熄灭。1954 年，他为了抗议共产主义对艺术创作者的控制而从波兰成功逃脱。这一举动引发了大量针对他的恶意宣传和谎言，随后在波兰长达 23 年的时间里，他的名字和音乐都被全面禁止传播。              

September 24, 1914. Composer Andrzej Panufnik (1914 - 1991) was born in Warsaw. "Being born in Poland in 1914 was no good news. I didn't have enough to eat until I was six or seven years old, even if you were rich. When my creative power reached its peak, World War II broke out. Then in 1949, artists were suppressed again." Sir Andrzej Panufnik (born on September 24, 1914 in Warsaw, Poland). An English composer and conductor born in Poland, his works have a unique contemporary Polish style, although his works have various genres. Panufnik's father was an instrument maker and his mother was a violinist, who was also his启蒙 teacher. He began composing at the age of nine， studied composition at the Warsaw Conservatory of Music from 1932 to 1936， and studied conducting with Felix Wiegantner at the Vienna Academy from 1937 to 1938. Later， he completed his studies in Paris and London and returned to Warsaw. During World War II， he had to keep a low profile there and occasionally performed as a pianist in underground concerts. All of his early works were destroyed during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944， but he was able to recreate some of them. Panufnik conducted the Krakow Philharmonic Orchestra (1945-1946) and the Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra (1946-1947)， and from 1947， he served as a guest conductor for several European orchestras. His works also attracted attention and won many awards； he came to the UK in 1954. (In 1961， he became a British citizen.) Panufnik was the music director of the Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (1957-1959)， and then devoted himself to creating his own works， including 10 symphonies， various other orchestral works， concertos， chamber works， and choral and vocal works. On September 9， 1990， Panufnik returned to Poland for the first time in 36 years and conducted the European premiere of his last symphony. On this return， he conducted the European premiere of his last symphony. On January 1， 1991， Queen Elizabeth II awarded Panufnik the title of Sir in recognition of his contribution to British culture. He died on October 27 of the same year at the age of 77. Today's video： 1. Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra performs Andrzej Panufnik's "Festival Concerto" 2. Andrzej Panufnik's Cello Concerto； 3. Panufnik - Violin Concerto.

Born in Warsaw in 1914 into a musical family, Panufnik studied composition and conducting at the city’s Music Conservatory.

All of his compositions written before 1944 were destroyed in a fire that year during the Warsaw Uprising against Poland's German occupiers.

He spent the years of the German occupation in Warsaw, taking part in numerous artistic events, including performing in a piano duet with Witold Lutosławski.

After the war, Panufnik held prominent conducing posts and developed his career as a composer. Despite numerous triumphs at home, he decided to leave Poland illegally and emigrated to Britain in 1954.

From that time until 1977, performances of his works in Poland were banned and even his name was not allowed to be mentioned in publications.

After settling in Britain, he served for three years as music director of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, but from 1959 onwards he devoted himself solely to composing, winning numerous awards and distinctions.

#OnThisDay 30 years ago died Sir Andrzej Panufnik. He was one of Poland's 🇵🇱 leading composers and conductors. In 1957, he settled in the UK 🇬🇧 and served as Chief Conductor of @TheCBSO. Later, he decided to dedicate his life entirely to composition 🎶 pic.twitter.com/ca4sAYZAu2

— Polish Embassy UK 🇵🇱 (@PolishEmbassyUK) October 27, 2021

He made his first, and only, visit to Poland in 1990 after the collapse of communism in the country.

On January 1, 1991, Queen Elizabeth II honoured Panufnik with a knighthood for his services to British culture.

He died in October of that year at the age of 77.

(mk/gs)

【安·帕努夫尼克】【A.Panufnik】大提琴协奏曲 Concerto for Cello and Orchestra

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