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| 费利克斯·门德尔松（Felix Mendelssohn 1809-1847） | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 《赫布里底群岛》序曲，门德尔松作曲，伦敦交响乐团演奏，约翰·艾略特·加德纳爵士指挥。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Prelude to the Hebrides with Music by Mendelssohn with the London Symphony Orchestra and conducted by Sir John Elliot Gardner. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 约翰·艾略特·加德纳爵士以德国作曲家费利克斯·门德尔松的《苏格兰之旅》为灵感，创作了《赫布里底序曲》和他的第三部“苏格兰”交响曲。这两部作品都充满了苏格兰起伏地貌的影响，是作曲家最受欢迎和赞赏的作品之一。著名钢琴家玛丽亚·若昂·皮雷也演奏了舒曼的钢琴协奏曲。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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音乐历史上的今天
1829年8月7日，在参观赫布里德思群岛上的芬加尔山洞的前一天，菲利克斯.孟德尔松写下了那著名序曲的前20小节。
雅各·路德维希·费里克斯·门德尔松·巴尔托迪（Felix Mendelssohn 1809-18471809－1847） |
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| 费利克斯·门德尔松（Felix Mendelssohn ） | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 苏格兰芬加尔洞穴的油画作品 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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能演奏“交响曲”的天然洞穴，自然奇观苏格兰芬加尔洞穴 在我们的认知中，绝多数的洞穴内一般充满奇形怪状的钟乳石和石笋，而在苏格兰的一座偏僻的荒岛上有一个神奇洞穴，洞穴穹顶和两侧洞壁布满了近似正六方形的石柱，而且在这个洞穴内，居然能听到类似“交响曲”般美妙声响。该神奇的洞穴就是苏格兰芬加尔洞穴，又名“音乐旋律洞穴”。 芬加尔洞穴是苏格兰内赫布里底群岛无人居住的斯塔法岛上的一个海蚀洞，现由苏格兰国家信托基金管理经营这个洞穴。芬加尔洞穴作为国家自然保护区的一部分，它以18世纪苏格兰诗人、历史学家詹姆斯·麦克弗森的史诗盛赞而闻名。 芬加尔洞穴完全由古新世熔岩流中的六角形的黑色玄武岩柱组成，在结构上与北爱尔兰的巨型堤道相似。洞内的六方形玄武石柱非常对称，简直跟人工雕凿出来的一样。它高度约20米，洞穴平均宽度13米，洞壁上石柱高6至12米高。 芬加尔洞穴大约在6千万年以前的火山活动中形成。凝固的熔岩上表面和下表面的冷却，导致收缩和破裂，以块状四边形模式开始，并转变为规则的六边形断裂模式，其中断裂石柱垂直于冷却表面。随着火山熔岩的冷却持续进行，这些裂缝逐渐向流动的中心延伸，再加千百万年的海浪的侵蚀，形成了我们今天看到的充满六边形石柱洞穴。 1772年，英国探险家兼博物学家约瑟夫·班克斯爵士（1743年-1820年）在冰岛探险期间，在斯塔法岛探险时发现了芬加尔洞穴。后来苏格兰历史小说家和诗人沃尔特·斯科特爵士慕名参观了芬加尔洞穴，聆听了受潮汐起伏影响的深色玄武岩柱和海水发出的美妙的“交响曲”。他的印象是，这个地方是“一个自然装饰的大教堂，在那里人们能听到天堂中的美妙乐曲”。 更多的音乐艺术家都纷纷赶来参观这个神奇的洞穴，获取创作灵感。浪漫主义作曲家菲利克斯·门德尔松于1829年造访芬加尔洞穴，基于洞穴美妙的回声，谱写了一首序曲《赫布里底群岛》（也称为芬加尔洞穴序曲），门德尔松的序曲使洞穴作为旅游目的地得以普及。 19世纪著名的作家J.J.尤里斯·凡尔纳，在他的《绿光迷航》一书中把芬加尔洞穴作为创作背景，并在小说《到地球中心和神秘岛的旅行》中大篇幅的描写芬加尔洞穴；诗人威廉·华兹华斯、约翰·济慈和阿尔弗雷德、丁尼生勋爵、浪漫主义艺术家J.M.W.特纳中在他们的作品都提到了芬加尔洞穴；维多利亚女王伊丽莎白二世也专程到芬加尔旅行参观。 芬加尔洞穴有一个大拱门入口，在涨潮时充满了海水，只有当退潮时可以进洞参观。参观洞穴的最佳时间是四月至九月，这一段时间内，这里的海水较为平静，且涨潮和退潮时间特别有规律，旅游参观者可以通过乘坐当地的游轮到达芬加尔洞口。 在海水平静的条件下，人们可以登上洞穴口的着陆点，并步行能到山洞内。在洞内有一排断裂的六边形石柱形成一条人行道，刚好在高与水位之上，旅游者可以踏着这些石柱穿越芬加尔洞穴。 |
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| 苏格兰芬加尔洞穴 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Today in the
history of music On August 7, 1829, felix Mendelsson wrote the first 20 bars of his famous overture, the day before he visited Fingal's Cave in the Hebrids. Mendelssohn and his Finger Grotto Overture Felix Mendelssohn (1809-18471809-1847) He was born in Hamburg on February 3, 1809 to a wealthy and educated family. His grandfather was a prominent Jewish philosopher, his father was a banker, and his mother was known at the time for her extensive literacy and musical talents.Mendelssohn lived in Berlin during his childhood. He learned piano and music theory at an early age. At the age of nine, he played the piano in concerts as a pianist.He was only seventeen when he wrote his famous Prelude to a Midsummer Night's Dream. His main works include: five symphony (in the third (Scotland) symphony, "the fourth symphony (Italy), the most famous), seven overture (in" a midsummer night's dream ", "fingal's cave", the most famous), and "violin concerto in e minor, and large amount of instrumental music such as piano, big pinch of piano works.He also created the mute song, a style of piano music. In August 1829, Mendelssohn toured Scotland and remained in the famous Hebrides.On the beautiful and wonderful island, he walked and pondered.The world of clear and pure water reminded him of the amazing cave he had just been in, and overflowed his ears with the melodies of his infinite cheerfulness...He wrote down his feelings of wandering in twenty-one stanzas of music, which he sent to his sister as a letter.This melody later became the first theme of Mendelssohn's new symphonic overture entitled The Fingal Cave. It's 1830, early winter.Mendelssohn finished writing an overture in Rome entitled "A Lonely Island", short for "island".The overture was later renamed several times, and it was not named as the Overture of the Fenghal Grotto until its publication in 1835, and the Hebrides name remained.The Overture of The Fenghal Grotto is a musical travelogue written by Mendelssohn with exquisite poetic touch. Opening the overture score, the undulating theme melody, like the bluish waves of the Scottish coast, played the first theme of the overture.The sound of the sea, echoing from the Fingall Grottoes, rose in my ears.This undulating melody is played by bassoon, viola and cello.It rises and falls fixedly, mechanically, and moulds.Its form and sound are so similar to the scene of the ebb and flow of the sea, the scene of the tide against the rocks!Is not this ever-rising sound full of life also the wonderful echo of the agitation of a young artist in his twenties? Spectacular seascape, Yushi giant rock!Where, then, is the lonely island of Staffa in the Hebrides?...In the distance, a faint sound wave came from the woodpipe.It floats in the ebb and flow of the tide, lonely, empty, desert and slightly melancholy.Then the island was seen in the midst of the waves.Deep in the lonely desert lurks a mighty place, the Fenghal Grotne, named after the hero of Scotland. Mendelssohn's peaceful and beautiful life left many beautiful lyric works for people.His title symphonic overture shows his love of nature.When Wagner heard the Fingall Grotto, he praised Mendelssohn as "the first landscape painter". Video of the day: Fingal's Cave Overture by The London Symphony Orchestra (conducted by Conductor Sir John Elliot Gardner).;2. [Score Analysis] Mendelssohn's Fingal's Cave Overture, Op.26. |
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| 苏格兰芬加尔洞穴的油画作品 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 远眺内赫布里底群岛苏格兰芬加尔洞穴 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 苏格兰芬加尔洞穴 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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芬加尔山洞：壮观的爱尔兰传奇海洞和现代灵感 芬加尔洞穴（Fingal’s Cave）是自然景观，位于苏格兰内赫布里底群岛的斯塔法岛上。据说在公元18世纪，斯塔法（Stafa）有16人居住。但是，今天，没有人住在岛上，如果不是因为Fingal's Cave的存在，它可能会被单独留下。 由于几个因素，这个海蚀洞能够吸引游客到荒岛。除了是地质奇观外，Fingal的洞穴还被认为是爱尔兰传说中的重要遗址。洞穴的另一个成名之处是，尽管它位于世界上无人居住的地区，但几个世纪以来，许多著名人物都参观了该洞穴，并且它甚至成为音乐会序曲的灵感来源。 洞穴形成 Fingal's Cave的高度约为22 m（72.18 ft。），深度约为82 m（269.03 ft。）。据推测，Fingal的洞穴已超过5000万年前。由于斯塔法特岛位于火山活动区，因此，Fingal的洞穴是由熔岩流形成的。该洞穴由三层组成。底部由凝灰岩层组成，而顶部由缺乏晶体结构的玄武岩熔岩层组成。在这两层之间是互锁的柱廊（可能多达40,000个）黑色细粒第三纪玄武岩。 由于这些柱廊，Fingal的洞穴被认为是世界上最壮观的海蚀洞之一。随着中间层熔岩柱廊的冷却，它们“向一系列等距中心收缩”并“凝固成棱柱”。正常情况下，生产的色谱柱有三到八个侧面，最常见的是六个。 古代世界十大奇观 西西里岛的朦胧Mangiapane洞穴：史前洞穴和现代盛宴的所在地 风暴庇护所：孟买发现更多古代佛教洞穴 据说形成圆柱的熔岩流也是北爱尔兰东北海岸外巨人堤道形成的原因。也有人建议，在过去的某个时间点，Fingal的洞穴和Giant的堤道由相同材料的“桥梁”相连。这两个地点不仅由于地质上的相似性而相连，而且通过爱尔兰的传说而相连。出于某种原因，这两个地点都与Fionn mac Cumhail这个名字相关联，该名字是爱尔兰传奇中著名的战士。巨人之路的传说 根据传说，巨人之路是由芬恩（Fionn）建造的，尽管他通常被认为是普通大小的人，但在这个特定的故事中却被描述为巨人。在Fionn受到苏格兰巨人的战斗挑战后，这条通道被“建造”了，并成为了这两个人的交汇点。在18世纪，苏格兰诗人詹姆斯·麦克弗森（James Macpherson）写下了著名的芬恩（Fionn）传奇诗集（或译自古代盖尔史诗）。 命名洞穴 读过麦克弗森作品的人中有一位是英国自然学家，名字叫约瑟夫·班克斯爵士。正是由于班克斯（Banks），才发现了这个洞穴，或者说是重新发现了这个洞穴。此外，也是班克斯（Banks）重命名了该洞穴。班克斯发现的洞穴最初被凯尔特人称为“ Uamh-Binn”（意为“旋律洞穴”）。受麦克弗森诗歌的影响，班克斯决定将洞穴命名为芬加尔洞穴，芬加尔是苏格兰的芬恩·马克·库姆希尔（Fionn mac Cumhail）形式。 |
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Fingal’s
Cave: A Spectacular Sea Cave of Irish Legends and Modern Inspiration READ LATER PRINT Fingal’s Cave is a natural feature located on the island of Staffa, in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. It has been stated that during the 18th century AD, Staffa was inhabited by 16 people. Today, however, no one lives on the island, and it would probably be left alone, if it were not for the existence of Fingal’s Cave. This sea cave has been able to draw tourists to the deserted island due to several factors. Apart from being a geological marvel, Fingal’s Cave is also said to be an important site in Irish legends. Another of the cave’s claims to fame is that, despite being in an uninhabited part of the world, it has been visited by a number of well-known figures over the centuries, and that it had even served as the inspiration for a concert overture. Cave Formation Fingal’s Cave has a height of about 22 m (72.18 ft.) and a depth of about 82 m (269.03 ft.). It has been speculated that Fingal’s Cave is over 50 million years ago. As the island of Staffa is situated in an area of volcanic activity, Fingal’s Cave was created due to lava flow. The cave is made up of three layers. The base consists of a layer of tuff, whilst the top is composed of a layer of basaltic lava lacking a crystalline structure. In between these two layers are interlocking colonnades (perhaps as many as 40,000) of black fine-grained Tertiary basalt. Basalt columns inside Fingal's Cave Basalt columns inside Fingal's Cave. (CC BY-SA 2.0 ) It is due to these colonnades that Fingal’s Cave is considered as one of the most spectacular sea caves in the world. As the colonnades of lava in the middle layer cooled, they “contracted towards each of a series of equally spaced centers” and “solidified into prismatic columns”. The columns that were produced normally had between three to eight sides, with six being the most common. Ten Amazing Caves of the Ancient World The Obscure Mangiapane Cave in Sicily: Prehistoric Cave and Site of Modern Feasts Shelters from the Storm: More Ancient Buddhist Caves Found in Mumbai The lava flow that created the columns is said to have also been responsible for the formation of the Giant’s Causeway off the northeastern coast of Northern Ireland. It has also been suggested that at some point of time in the past, Fingal’s Cave and the Giant’s Causeway were connected by a ‘bridge’ of the same material. These two sites are not only connected due to geological similarities, but also through Irish legend. Both sites are, for one reason or another, connected to the name Fionn mac Cumhail, a renowned warrior in Irish legend. The Legend of the Giant’s Causeway According to legend, the Giant’s Causeway was built by Fionn, who, though normally regarded as an ordinary-sized human, is depicted as a giant in this particular tale. This causeway was ‘constructed’ after Fionn was challenged to a fight by a Scottish giant, and served as a meeting point for the two men. During the 18th century, there was a popular poetic version of the legend of Fionn, written (or translated from an ancient Gaelic epic) by the Scottish poet, James Macpherson. |
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| 约翰·艾略特·加德纳爵士(Sir John Eliot Gardiner） | |||||||||||||||||||||
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约翰·艾略特·加德纳是当代古乐演奏的灵魂人物，而且非常多产。
他生于1943年4月20日英国多赛特，他首先到剑桥的国王学院学习历史和阿拉伯学，并得到硕士学位。他获得了奖学金，到巴黎在伟大的女指挥家娜蒂娅·宝兰歌下学习两年。1964年他与志同道合的音乐家和演奏家组成了蒙台威尔第合唱团，他们以演奏古乐为主，直到巴赫和亨德尔都有涉猎,两年后，他们在伦敦Wigmore大厅第一次登台演出。他还在1967年埃里大教堂蒙台威尔第四百寿辰上演奏了由加德纳自己改变修订的马丽亚晚祷，演出大获成功，这使得加德纳更有勇气向这个方向迈步。 加德纳不但指挥宗教音乐和交响乐。1969年他作客英格兰国家歌剧院献演魔笛。1973年他在柯文特花园上演格鲁克的"依菲根尼在陶里德"。1979年他在美国登陆，指挥了达拉斯交响乐团。在1989年蒙台威尔第合唱团成立25周年之际，他率团巡演蒙台威尔第的"Vespro della Beata Vergine"。1990年他带领蒙台威尔第合唱团和英国巴洛克独奏家乐团做客萨尔斯堡音乐节，上演"奥菲欧"系列(分别由蒙台威尔第和格鲁克作曲)，还有小夜曲专场。1995年他在萨尔斯堡音乐节上指挥了维也纳爱乐乐团。1997年由加德纳组织的舒曼音乐节分别在伦敦的巴比肯中心和巴黎的音乐城举行。在2000巴赫年加德纳在欧洲14国超过60所教堂里指挥了巴赫所有传世的康塔塔，凭这一巨大的工程，他获得了2005年莱比锡颁发的巴赫奖牌。 加德纳为许多管弦乐团，歌剧院和音乐节所邀请。1980年到1983年任温哥华乐团首席指挥。接下的四年成为里昂歌剧院音乐指导(1991-94)，其间他还组建了地方管弦乐团，该管弦乐团被认为是法国最出色的管弦乐团之一。1981到1990年间他任哥廷根亨德尔音乐节指导，期间他录有大量实况演出，场场精彩。1991年他出任北德广播交响乐团首席指挥三年。加德纳还是爱乐乐团,克利夫兰乐团,音乐厅会堂乐团和维也纳爱乐乐团的客席指挥。 所获奖项 加德纳获奖无数，1994年被评为"年度艺术家"(留声机奖和德国唱片评论), "年度指挥家" (古典回声-1995年颁发), "最佳指挥" (嘎纳古典奖1995)还有1995年成为首位获得Dietrich-Buxtehude奖的指挥家。1994年他录制的柏辽兹的"庄亚弥撒"录音获得了格莱美"最佳合唱作品奖"。1999年他再次得到格莱美的"最佳歌剧录音奖"，曲目是与安娜·苏菲·冯·奥特和布莱恩·托菲欧合作的斯特拉文斯基的歌剧浪子的历程。1987年加德纳已获里昂大学荣誉博士衔头,不久又被任命为"Officier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres" (1988)和"大不列颠帝国中校" (1990)。自1992起他就是伦敦国王学院和皇家音乐学院的荣誉会员。1998年英女王伊丽莎白二世值着 "六月旦辰恩典"授予他贵族称号。 加德纳喜欢在北多塞特的一个绿色农场度过自己的悠闲时光。 |
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| 约翰·艾略特·加德纳爵士(Sir John Eliot Gardiner） | |||||||||||||||||||||
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John Elliot
Gardner is the soul of contemporary classical music, and very
prolific.Born on April 20, 1943, in Dorset, England, he first
went to King's College, Cambridge, where he studied history and
Arabology, earning a master's degree.He won a scholarship to
Paris to study for two years under the great female conductor
Nadia Pollan.In 1964 he formed the Monteverdi choir with
like-minded musicians and performers, who played mostly
classical music until Bach and Handel got involved, and two
years later they performed for the first time in London's
Wigmore Hall.He also played a modified version of the Malia
vesper service at Eli Cathedral in 1967, on Mondewell's 400th
birthday, with great success, emboldening Gardner to move in
this direction. Gardner conducted not only religious music and symphonies.In 1969 he was at the National Opera in England to perform the Magic flute.In 1973 he staged Gluck's "Iphigny at Tauride" at Covent Garden.He landed in the United States in 1979 and conducted the Dallas Symphony Orchestra.In 1989, on the occasion of the choir's 25th anniversary, he led the band on a tour of "Vespro Della Beata Vergine" of Montverdi.In 1990 he was a guest at the Salzburg Festival with the Monteverdi choir and the British Baroque Soloist Orchestra, presenting the "Orfio" series (composed by Montverdi and Gluck respectively) and serenade specials.In 1995 he conducted the Vienna Philharmonic at the Salzburg Music Festival.The 1997 Schumann festival, organised by Gardner, took place at the Barbican In London and Music City in Paris.In 2000, Gardner conducted all of Bach's legendary Cantata in more than 60 churches in 14 European countries, and for this mammoth project he was awarded the Bach Medal in Leipzig in 2005. Gardner has been invited to many orchestras, opera houses and music festivals.From 1980 to 1983 he was chief conductor of the Vancouver Orchestra.He spent the next four years as music director of the Lyon Opera House (1991-94), during which time he also formed the local orchestra, considered one of the finest in France.From 1981 to 1990 he was director of the Goettingen Handel Music Festival, during which he recorded a large number of live performances.In 1991 he became chief conductor of the North German Radio Symphony Orchestra for three years.Gardner is also guest conductor of the Philharmonic, The Cleveland Orchestra, the Concert Hall Orchestra and the Vienna Philharmonic. which Gardner has won numerous awards, being named Artist of the Year (Gramophone award and German Phonograph Review) in 1994, Conductor of the Year (Classical Echo - awarded in 1995), Conductor of the Year (Cannes Classical Award 1995), and in 1995 becoming the first conductor to receive the Dietrich-Buxtehude Award.In 1994 his recording of Berlioz's "Chuangya Mass" won the Grammy for "Best Choral Composition".In 1999 he again won the Grammy for "Best Recording of an Opera" for Stravinsky's Opera Prodigal Journey with Anna Sophie von Otter and Brian Tofio.In 1987 Gardner received an honorary doctorate at the University of Lyon and was soon appointed Officier Dans L 'ordre des Arts et des Lettres (1988) and Commander of the British Empire (1990).He has been an honorary member of King's College London and the Royal College of Music since 1992.He was made a peerage in 1998 by Queen Elizabeth II for "Grace in June".Gardner likes to spend his leisure time at a green farm in North Dorset. |
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| 【总谱解析】门德尔松 - 芬格尔山洞序曲, Op.26 Mendelssohn - Fingal's Cave Overture | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 门德尔松《赫布里底群岛》序曲 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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门德尔松:序曲:赫布里底群岛Op 26(芬格尔的洞穴) A小调钢琴协奏曲54 门德尔松:小调第三交响曲56(苏格兰) |
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AMendelssohn:
Overture: The Hebrides Op 26 (Fingal's Cave) Schumann: Piano Concerto in A minor Op 54 Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 3 in A minor Op 56 (Scottish) |
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