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| 沃尔夫冈·阿玛迪斯·莫扎特（Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756-1791） | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 【布雷默巴洛克乐团】莫扎特 G大调弦乐小夜曲 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Eine kleine Nachtmusik K.525丨Ryo Terakado | |||||||||||||||||||||
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莫扎特 弦乐小夜曲 Mozart Eine kleine Nachtmusik 快板:0:10，罗曼兹:行板:8:34，美表:快板:14:12，回旋:快板:16:25 沃尔夫冈·阿玛迪乌斯·莫扎特:G大调小夜曲，K.525 布雷默Barockorchester, www.bremer-barockorchester.de 2019年6月20日，在不来梅的“Unser Lieben Frauen”教堂录制 小提琴I: 里奥·特拉卡多，托莫·巴迪亚洛娃，内奥米·伯雷尔，安妮·加德 奥特温·洛伊克，安娜·斯坦克维奇，弗朗西斯卡·哈伊杜，维多利亚·梅里克 爱丽丝·瓦兹，路易斯·平松 大提琴:内斯托·法比安·科尔特斯·加尔松，安娜·赖瑟纳 低音提琴:胡安·迪亚兹 羽管键琴:纳丁·雷默特 吉他:乌戈-德罗达斯 Tobias Hentze, www.tobiashentze.de 托比亚斯亨特, 亨德里克·罗尔斯 |
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Allegro: 0:10, Romanze:
Andante: 8:34, Menuetto: Allegretto: 14:12, Rondo: Allegro: 16:25 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Serenade in G major, K.525 "Eine kleine Nachtmusik" Bremer Barockorchester, www.bremer-barockorchester.de Recorded in "Unser Lieben Frauen" Church, Bremen on June 20th, 2019 Violin I: Ryo Terakado, Tomoe Badiarova, Naomi Burrell, Annie Gard Violin II: Ortwin Lowyck, Anna Stankiewicz, Franciska Hajdu, Victoria Melik Viola: Alice Vaz, Luis Pinzón Violoncello: Néstor Fabián Cortés Garzón, Anna Reisener Double Bass: Juan Díaz Harpsichord: Nadine Remmert Guitar: Hugo de Rodas Video: Tobias Hentze, www.tobiashentze.de Camera: Tobias Hentze, Hendrik Röhrs |
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音乐历史上的今天 1789年7月14日，“啊！上帝！寄出这封信真让我为难——但是，我必须寄！如果这疾病没有降临到我身上，我本不至于如此厚颜地一的朋友乞怜。我祈望您的原谅，因为我的处境之优劣您都知晓，坏的情况只是暂时的，而好处才是永久的.....这样写信给他的兄弟会好友迈克尔.冯.普赫贝格男爵。普赫贝格接济给他的钱相当于今天的10000英镑。
打开《莫扎特书信集》，像这样的求助信，在1788年到1789年比比皆是，冯.普赫贝格男爵从1888年就已经开始了接济莫扎特一家了，1889年三月末求援，四月窘境中的求助，六月、包括这封7.14的窘境中的呼吁后，7.17又发给冯.普赫贝格男爵还是求助信，这些都说明什么？有很多研究学者大谈什么莫扎特当年不是钱少而是不会生活，康斯坦策过于挥霍，实际莫扎特订单多多，每年的收入颇丰，这是不切合实际的猜测，如果手头阔卓，为什么还死皮赖脸地苦苦地哀求别人，这是很不实际的猜想。只能说明在当时的环境下，艺术家根本就不值钱，他们和厨师工匠都是同等待遇。这和莫扎特一家，包括莫扎特爸爸的雇主玛利亚·特蕾莎皇后对待他们的态度不无关系。 |
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| 康斯坦泽·莫扎特(Constanze Mozart） | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 莫扎特的感情生活 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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莫扎特成年后喜欢的第一位女性当属来自曼海姆的阿劳希娅·韦伯，认识莫扎特的时候阿劳希娅只有15岁，她是乐队抄谱员兼合唱队员弗兰茨·韦伯的大女儿。韦伯小姐是歌手，据说嗓音甜美，没过几年，阿劳希娅成为了在欧洲有了一定知名度的歌手，莫扎特非常疯狂地爱上了阿劳希娅，他只比女孩大7岁，自己也还是个大孩子，远远没有成熟。但是，父亲利奥波德却对这门可能的亲事持完全否定的态度，原因非常简单，韦伯家实在太穷了，如果她和莫扎特结婚，只能使两人的经济情况更加糟糕，所以，利奥波德急忙写信给儿子让他放弃这段感情。不过，利奥波德也很聪明，他并没有强行拆散这对鸳鸯，而是在书信中大谈苦经，特别是为了儿子能否到处旅行，他省吃俭用，以致于生活窘迫，只能穿儿子的旧拖鞋而买不起新的等等。莫扎特当然能够听懂父亲的话中有话，一旦他和阿劳希娅结婚的话，只能让两个家庭都很不幸，于是，莫扎特恋恋不舍地放弃了阿劳希娅，虽然这是他的韧恋。 1778年7月，利奥波德一再催促莫扎特返回萨尔茨堡，因为他已经和大主教谈好了，让莫扎特担任乐队首席。莫扎特此时还心存侥幸，向弗兰茨·韦伯提出带阿劳希娅到巴黎去发展，结果，也遭到了韦伯先生的拒绝并在不久后举家迁居慕尼黑， 莫扎特这才心灰意冷地讪讪离去启程返回萨尔茨堡。不过，莫扎特还是违反了父亲的意愿，偷偷去了一次慕尼黑，希望得到阿劳希娅的芳心，不料得到的却是一个坏消息，阿劳希娅马上要与维也纳宫廷剧院的演员约瑟夫·朗格结婚，这下莫扎特失魂落魄，彻底放弃了。 1781年，莫扎特与新任大主教彻底吵翻，在莫扎特的书信中他的记述是“他把我赶了出来，还朝我屁股上踢了一脚。"于是，莫扎特总算找到了离开萨尔茨堡并告别过去岁月的理由，他来到维也纳。然而，此时的莫扎特衣食无着、举目无亲，他找到了已经搬到维也纳的韦伯一家，并得到了他们的帮助，在给父亲的信中莫扎特写遭“韦伯太太多么善良，他们家为我提供了房间，我在那儿有了自己的漂亮的房间。”这样做当然惹恼了父亲。 此时的韦伯一家情况变得比较微妙，韦伯先生于两年之前去世了，阿劳希娅嫁人后与家庭疏远（虽然给钱养活全家），老韦伯夫人带着三个没有结婚的女儿守寡，不得不考虑前途问题。老夫人的口碑不太好，莫扎特写道：“她喜欢喝酒，而且比一般女人喝得还要多。不过我还没有看到她喝醉过，但愿我是在说谎。”就是这么个喜欢喝酒的未来的丈母娘仍然让莫扎特感觉良好。住在韦伯家其实也不是长久之计，因为闲言碎语越来越多，人们对没有亲戚关系的小伙子和老寡妇、小姑娘们厮混在一起很有看法。莫扎特和韦伯老夫人都感到了舆论的压力，不过，韦伯家的女儿康斯坦采却顾不上这么多，她主动向莫扎特进攻，帮他洗衣服、烧饭，这样一来二去，当然就产生了感情。莫扎特在给父亲的信中写道“现在谁是我的意中人呢？难道是韦伯家的？对，就是韦伯家的。不过不是约瑟芬，不是索菲亚，而是康斯坦采，中间的那一个。我要向她求婚的话，她是不会吃惊的。”韦伯老夫人对这门婚事自然很欢迎，莫扎特在维也纳无亲无故，当然不会把女儿抢走，小心眼的丈母娘还想出了一个愚蠢的办法，试图通过一纸婚姻协议来约束未来的女婿。莫扎特为了让丈母娘宽心，答应如果三年内不能娶康斯坦采，就每个月交给韦伯家罚金300古尔登，还好康斯坦采撕毁了这份让人笑掉大牙的协议。 利奥波德在收到儿子的信后气得几乎一病不起，他万万没有想到拆散了姐姐又来了个妹妹，看来儿子是命中注定和韦伯家有缘分了。利奥波德无言以对，他只能用沉默来表示自己的态度，他没有参加婚礼，很久之后才和儿媳妇见面。 婚后莫扎特的生活还算稳定，康斯坦采也喜欢玩，在这一点上两人半斤八两，托丈夫的福，康斯坦采过上了一段好日子。他们非常挥霍，1 785年，利奥波德来到维也纳看望儿儿媳，他发现他们每个人都有超过六双鞋，房间里经常生火，伙食也很好，常常都会举行宴会，老莫扎特感到儿子获得了成功，也就心平气和地接受了。然而，好景不长，康斯坦采比丈夫还要会花钱，她喜欢首饰珠宝以及漂亮的衣服，结果，莫扎特就只好举债来过日子了。除此之外，康斯坦采身体状况一直不太好，至于她得了什么病很难说清楚，但肯定不至于短时间内致命，却很需要花钱来调养。康斯坦采的派头不小，她总是向贵族们看齐，要跑到巴登巴登泡温泉，那可是要花上一大笔钱的。 1788年，又发生了一件让莫扎特破费的事情，康斯坦采的妹妹约瑟芬结婚，这位妹妹并不漂亮，没有人愿意娶，结果，康斯坦采逼丈夫出了一大笔嫁妆钱把妹妹给嫁了出去，更是让莫扎特的经济情况雪上加霜。 莫扎特去世后，据说康斯坦采爬到床上去，表示干脆让自己和丈夫一起死了算了，因为面对巨额的债务康斯坦采手足无措。当然，我们不能说莫扎特就是毁在了康斯坦采的手上，他的很多问题都出在性格上，以及作为第一位重要的转型时期自由作曲家而面临的种种困境，康斯坦采还是爱着莫扎特的，可惜他们都太年轻了。 |
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| 莫扎特时代的家庭音乐会（wolfgang amadeus mozart family concer）。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 特蕾莎皇后（Maria Theresa） | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 特蕾莎皇后的乞丐——莫扎特 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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18世纪，正是维也纳作为音乐之都的“黄金时代”。17世纪中叶的皇帝菲迪南三世本人就是非常优秀的作曲家和演奏家。他让宫廷乐师到意大利深造，并且把意大利歌剧带回了维也纳。此后，奥地利宫廷的音乐传统确立起来，历任皇帝都曾以各种方式支持音乐发展。可以说，是哈布斯堡家族成就了音乐之城维也纳。 玛丽亚·特蕾莎的父亲查理六世，追随父辈的足迹，把德国作曲家格特里布·穆法特请到皇宫中。玛丽亚·特蕾莎在作曲方面受到非常全面的教育，在歌唱方面尤其出色。 C．W．格鲁克曾经应聘前来担任女皇特蕾萨子女的音乐教育。不过，到玛丽亚·特蕾莎时期，皇室对音乐的支持渐渐减少了。贵族逐渐取代皇室，成为音乐家的赞助人。海顿所在的埃斯特哈奇伯爵家，就是维也纳附近的一家贵族。 利奥波德·莫扎特希望儿子能够征服维也纳。维也纳宫廷早就听说过这位沃尔夫冈·莫扎特，正迫不及待要见识一下这位6岁的音乐神童。1762年秋天，莫扎特一家搭乘邮轮，沿多瑙河顺流而下，由水路进入维也纳。 就在沃尔夫冈和姐姐南内尔到达维也纳不久，弗朗西斯一世皇帝和特蕾莎皇后马上召唤他俩进美泉宫，为王子公主们举行音乐会。莫扎特与姐姐在特蕾莎女皇及其家人面前在镜宫演奏。据在场的一位贵族记载：“当孩子们演奏时，观众几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛和耳朵。弗朗西斯一世尤其满意‘小精灵’（他对莫扎特的爱称）的表现，他还多次和莫扎特闲聊。”皇帝还突发奇想，让他用一根手指头演奏。“他毅然决然地立刻开始尝试，而且干净利落地弹奏了好几首曲子，让在座的每一位大吃一惊。"利奥波德也记录下莫扎特亲吻女皇的情景。人们记得莫扎特6岁时的画像。他身上穿着一件淡紫色细丝质料的衣服，边缘还有两层穗饰。这套衣服本来是做给皇太子马克西米利安的，特雷莎皇后把他转赠给了莫扎特。 表演结束后，特蕾莎女皇一个女儿在“粉色房间”(Pink Room)进行钢琴演奏表演。这个房间也是宫中的音乐室。16位王子公主都接受过良好的音乐教育，都会演奏乐器、绘画或者能在剧场演唱。公主的表演结束之后，几位王子和公主领着沃尔夫冈参观这座庞大的宫殿。 在这座华丽的皇宫里，沃尔夫冈从容不迫，没有丝毫拘谨。对于王富贵族的热情赞美，年少的莫扎特脸上露出一丝不屑。这也成了他后来一贯的态度。对于权贵的称许，莫扎特毫不放在心上。如果他们显露出对音乐的无知，莫扎特甚至不太情愿为他们演奏，要么就演奏一些无足轻重的轻松小品，敷衍过去。可是，如果遇上真正懂得并热爱音乐的人，他就会尽情投入地演奏。 1768年，莫扎特第二次拜访维也纳，游历丰富的12岁的莫扎特在两个不同场合再次遇到了玛利亚·特蕾莎女皇。在霍夫堡皇宫，女皇聆听了莫扎特2个小时的演奏。莫扎特为雷恩维格( RennWeg)路上那家孤儿院教堂(Orphanage Church)创作了一部《孤儿院弥撒曲》(Orphanage ass)，并亲自指挥附近穷人家的孤儿组成合唱团，演唱了这部弥撒。皇室用一件精美的礼物对莫扎特致谢。如今，每年12月8日教堂献祭仪式上，都要演出这首弥撒曲。 说来好笑，特蕾莎皇后对6岁的莫扎特喜爱有加，可是，当莫扎特成年，她却阻止她的一个儿子雇佣莫扎特。她的话显得非常无情：为什么要让“那种无用”之人加重自己的负担？“如果他们是你的奴仆，而又像乞丐一样东奔西跑，那简直太有辱门庭了。”也许，从莫扎特的个性上讲，他终究无法像海顿那样，直到莫扎特去世，还穿着埃斯特哈奇王子宫廷的奴仆制服。 |
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| 年轻的玛利亚·特蕾莎。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Queen Teresa's
beggar - Mozart The 18th century was Vienna's "golden age" as a music capital.Ferdinand III, the mid-17th century emperor, was himself an excellent composer and performer.He sent court musicians to Italy for further study and brought Italian opera back to Vienna.Later, the musical tradition of the Austrian court was established, and successive emperors supported the development of music in various ways.It was the Habsburg family that made Vienna the city of music. Maria Teresa's father, Charles VI, followed in his father's footsteps and invited the German composer Getrib Mufat to his palace.Maria Teresa received a very comprehensive education in composition and was particularly outstanding in singing.C.W.Gluck had applied to teach music to Teresa's children.By the time of Maria Theresa, however, the royal family's support for music was waning.Nobles gradually replaced royalty as patrons of musicians.Haydn belonged to the count of Estechage, a nobleman near Vienna. Leopold Mozart wanted his son to conquer Vienna.The Viennese court had heard of Wolfgang Mozart and could not wait to meet the six-year-old musical prodigy.In the fall of 1762, the Mozarteans took a cruise down the Danube to Vienna by water. Not long after Wolfgang and his sister Nannerl arrived in Vienna, Emperor Francis I and Queen Teresa summoned them to The Schonbrunn Palace to give a concert for the princes and princesses.Mozart and his sister play in the Palace of mirrors in front of Teresa and her family.According to an aristocrat present, "When the children played, the audience could hardly believe their eyes and ears."Francis was particularly pleased with the performance of the elf, as he affectionately called Mozart, with whom he chatted many times."The Emperor had a whim to make him play with one finger."He resolutely started at once, and surprised everyone by playing several pieces so cleanly."Leopold also recorded Mozart kissing the empress.People remember Mozart's portrait when he was six years old.He was dressed in a dress of lavender filaments, with two tassels at the edges.The suit was originally made for Crown Prince Maximilian, whom Teresa had given to Mozart. After the performance, one of Teresa's daughters played piano in the Pink Room.This room is also the music room of the palace.The 16 princesses have received a good musical education and can play an instrument, paint or sing in a theatre.After the princess's performance, the princes and princesses showed Wolfgang around the vast palace. In the ornate palace, Wolfgang was unhurried and uninhibited.Young Mozart's face showed a trace of disdain for the enthusiastic praise of the rich and noble king.This became his attitude later on.Mozart paid no heed to the praise of dignitaries.If they showed any musical ignorance, Mozart was even reluctant to play for them, or he would play some light-hearted skit and pass it off.But if he meets someone who really knows and loves music, he will play with all his heart. In 1768, during Mozart's second visit to Vienna, the well-travelled 12-year-old met Queen Maria Teresa again on two separate occasions.At the Hofburg Palace, the queen listened to Mozart for two hours.Mozart wrote a "Orphanage Ass" for the Church on RennWeg Road and sang the Mass himself as a conductor for a choir of poor orphans from nearby families.The royal family thanked Mozart with a beautiful gift.Today, the mass is performed every year at the church sacrifice on December 8. It's funny how Teresa loved the six-year-old Mozart, but when he came of age, she stopped one of her sons from hiring him.Her words were relentless: why burden yourself with "that kind of useless"?"It would be a disgrace to the family if they were your servants and ran about like beggars."Perhaps Mozart's personality did not, after all, make it possible for him to wear the uniform of a vassal at the court of Prince Esthage until his death. |
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| 临终在写《安魂曲》的莫扎特 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Today in the
history of music On July 14, 1789, "Ah!God!It's hard for me to send this letter -- but I must!If this disease had not befallen me, I would not have had the cheek of a friend to beg.I pray for your forgiveness, for you know the advantages and disadvantages of my situation, that the bad is only temporary, and the good is permanent...To baron Michael von Puchberg, his frat friend.The money he received was equivalent to 10,000 pounds in today's money. Opened the Mozart, collection, faking it like this, from 1788 to 1789, von puch berg baron from 1888 began to support a Mozart, in March 1889 for help at the end of April for help in dilemma, June, including this letter called for in the dilemma of 7.14, 7.17 and sent to von puch berg baron or faking it, all of these show?There are a lot of scholars talk about that Mozart was not lack of money but not able to live, Constanze was too extravagant, the fact that Mozart orders a lot, a lot of money every year, this is not a realistic guess, if the money is very rich, why still desperately to beg others, this is not a realistic guess.It just goes to show that in the context of the time, artists weren't worth anything, they were treated the same as chefs and artisans.This had something to do with the way the Mozarteans, including His father's employer, Queen Maria Teresa, treated them. According to the latest (January 18, 2006, DPA) Vienna news, Mozart died at the age of 35 penniless, but today, on the 250th anniversary of Mozart's birth, many countries are using the Austrian music genius to make a huge fortune.The Year of Mozart has become a huge marketing campaign.Here reported the whole of Europe are in place, the United States, Japan, in an emergency action, with Mozart miracle to increase their wealth, the home of Mozart, salzburg travel agencies in 2006, is expected to salzburg the local tourism industry and manufacturing industry revenues will likely reach 50 million euros, in the same field may be nearly Vienna money enter an item in an account, if according to the Austrian st., root and other related to Mozart's earnings in the city are expensive, 2006 to Austria Mozart alone create value of several hundred million euros,A billion or even billions of euros worldwide.The spiritual and material wealth that Mozart created for mankind from his death to this day would be incalculable.So every day we are experiencing the miracles created by Mozart. In both the West and the East today, the cult of Mozart continues unabated, usually from the 200th anniversary of his birth in 1956.The 200th anniversary of Mozart's death in 1991 and this year the three waves, especially this year. Mozart had a different reaction and the significance, especially some portrait and consequently found Mozart and his skull of a DNA test, is looking forward to already a long time to solve Mozart's death mystery lovers, is high, whetting the appetite, but the arrival of the Mozart in this year's January 8, the skull DNA test panel came the news, now can't decided that the skull is Mozart, the dead take the secret to the grave.Is so difficult to curb worldwide wave of Mozart, has come to the world are scrambling to each stage, theater, radio, television, and the performance or broadcast Mozart and honour the Mozart's shows, if according to these money or money paid to Mozart, so he can be the whole Austria to buy, of course, it including all buildings, there are those who've done calculations, Mozart only one in the world today the string serenade K525CD sales, is enough to feed a Mozart also will live on for two generations by the standards of the society, and that Mozart to find a satisfactory job,I travelled all over Europe, suffered a great deal, and as I matured artistically, my life became more and more miserable. In order to support my family, I could never get out of the circle of success -- failure.Mozart was acutely aware of the absurdity of privilege.He knew that his wisdom had won him praise, and that the princes had refused to give him high office, which made Mozart angry. 1. Bremmer Baroque Orchestra performed serenade for Strings in G Major K525;2. Allegro belli in K525, Serenade for Strings in G Major by Mozart at The Valley of the Moon Music Festival.July 2016. |
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| 莫扎特的525 (G大调弦乐小夜曲)中的开场快板。2016年7月，月之谷音乐节，用原创乐器演奏。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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The opening allegro from Mozart's Eine Kleine
Nachtmusik K.525 (Serenade for Strings in G Major).
from the Valley of the Moon Music Festival, July,
2016, performed on original instruments. |
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