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| 克劳迪奥·阿巴多（Claudio Abbado 1933—2014) | |||||||||||||||||||||
莫扎特 - 安魂曲 (阿巴多) Mozart - Requiem (Abbado) 1999 |
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Mozart - Requiem (Abbado) 1999 |
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音乐历史上的今天
1933年6月26日，克劳迪奥·阿巴多（Claudio
Abbado）在米兰出生。他是第一位在萨科拉歌剧院待了18年指挥；他的父亲米凯朗杰罗是一名小提琴演奏家，在威尔第音乐学院任教；他的兄弟马切罗则成为威尔第音乐学院的校长。 |
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| 克劳迪奥·阿巴多（Claudio Abbado） | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 莫扎特《安魂曲》创作过程 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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如果要一位粗通音乐的人说出历史上最出名的安魂曲，恐怕十个倒有九个要答莫扎特《安魂曲》。人们热衷于《安魂曲》的原因更多是出于猎奇。1826年一位名叫戈特弗里德·韦伯的多事的德国作曲家撰写了一本书，书中对30多年前首演的莫扎特的《安魂曲》提出了真伪考据的疑问，于是重新钩起人们对陈年往事的无限兴趣，一时各种关于《安魂曲》的传奇、假想、谣言、推测与美好幻想相继出笼，关于莫扎特的一切重又成为抢手货，从此，《安魂曲》研究竟然成为莫扎特学的一部分。 1791年莫扎特与妻子康斯坦采一起到布拉格参加自己的歌剧《狄托的仁慈》的演出，所有的神秘故事都是从这里开始的。动身到布拉格前的某一天夜晚有位使者造访了莫扎特家，他约莫扎特为匿名的委托人创作一部《安魂曲》，并先付了一半酬金，这位信使穿一件黑色的斗篷，使莫扎特顿生莫明的反感，而8月底莫扎特夫妇回到维也纳之后，信使再次出现催逼莫扎特交稿。 现在这位“黑衣人”（这又是出自好事者的臆造，因为黑色斗篷更接近地狱使者的打扮）的身份已经昭然若揭，他叫莱特杰普，全权代表弗兰茨·冯·瓦尔泽格伯爵，伯爵据说颇通音律且喜欢附庸风雅，常常出钱购买别人作品然后填上自己的名字以图流芳百世，1791年2月份伯爵夫人不幸去世，悲痛之余伯爵想到应当有一部作品在亡妻一周年时演出，于是他如法炮制请邻居（或者仆人）莱特杰普跑腿向莫扎特约稿，不管怎样他总算如愿以偿地在历史上留下了姓名，现在我们知道如果没有这个虚伪的贵族拍脑袋的馊主意莫扎特也许不会那么早早的死去。莫扎特当时的身体情况非常糟糕，病中的人容易产生宿命感或是许多健康人所不理解的怪念头，莫扎特有一种不祥的预感，那黑衣人就是索命的冥间使者，而《安魂曲》将是自己的临终绝笔。莫扎特曾经询问过黑衣人他所代表的委托人到底是谁？莱特杰普警告莫扎特不要乱打听，因为那位委托人不愿暴露自己的身份，这无法理解的解释当然令莫扎特更加过敏，于他加倍相信这神秘的使者来自冥冥之中。 在上百种有关莫扎特死因的谣传中，最漫无边际的要算是讲莫扎特是被共济会投毒暗害的，要知道莫扎特一直是个品行良好的共济会会员，连奥地利的国歌也是从他的《小共济会康塔塔》中节选出来的。还有一个最普遍的说法是莫扎特的对手安东尼奥·萨列里（Antonio Salieri）派人了那个神秘的黑衣人来约莫扎特作曲，在重病之中使他不得休息，最后导致了莫扎特的早夭（这一说法的变种是萨列里派人下毒）。现在我们已经知道这些纯属无稽之谈，但热爱浪漫不甘平淡的人们宁可相信这些更离奇、刺激的说法。 现在让我们抛弃所有传闻，回到历史事实：在生命的最后一年莫扎特疯狂地作曲，但《安魂曲》的创作却一直被他搁置，莫扎特只是在其他作曲活动的间隙中才写上几段，就在去世前几天（1791年12月4日）莫扎特还邀请他的内兄申克与歌唱家戈尔（《魔笛》中萨拉斯特洛的扮演者）到家里为他演唱了《魔笛》的片断，重病缠身只能卧床的莫扎特感到了将不久于人世，他不愿意将未完成的作品留给人们，于是他强打精神又写了几段《安魂曲》的音乐，并将创作的意图向助手苏斯迈尔（Sussmayr.F.X.）作了交代，12月5日凌晨莫扎特去世。 莫扎特去世之后他的妻子康斯坦采就开始着手请人续写完成《安魂曲》，她首先想到的是著名作曲家约瑟夫·艾伯勒（Eybler， J.），后来就是他继承萨列里成为了奥地利宫廷乐长。艾伯勒完成了《震怒之日》（Dies irae）与《落泪之日》（Lacrimosa）的配器，然后他将莫扎特的原谱交还给了康斯坦采，表示无法完成这个重任，万般无奈之下康斯坦采只能求助于前面提到过的莫扎特的助手苏斯迈尔，最后就是由他续写完成了整部《安魂曲》。 |
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Today in
the history of music Claudio Abbado was born in Milan on June 26, 1933.He was the first to conduct at the Sacola Opera House for 18 years;His father, Michelangelo, was a violinist who taught at the Verdi Conservatory;His brother Marcello became President of the Verdi Conservatory of Music. Claudio Abbado was born in 1933. He is one of the top ten Conductors of the 20th century.He has been the artistic director of the Milan Kala Theatre, the Vienna Riviera and the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra.He once suffered from stomach cancer, but recovered and returned to the podium with amazing perseverance and courage, and later served as artistic director of the Lucerne Festival Orchestra in Switzerland. He died at the age of 80 on January 20, 2014. Abbado studied piano and composition at the Verdi Conservatory in Milan and piano, composition and conducting at the Vienna Conservatory.In 1958, he won a prize in the Kusevitsky Command Competition in the United States.In 1963, he won the first prize in the Mitropoulos International Command Competition.In 1965, he was invited to participate in the Salzburg Music Festival as conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic orchestra.He was often seen throughout Europe as a guest conductor.From 1968 to 1971, he was employed as the permanent conductor of the La Scala opera House and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1977, he once resigned from the La Scala Opera House to protest the Italian government's neglect of opera.He was principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra in 1979, founding the La Philharmonic in 1982, principal Conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic in 1989, and artistic director of the Lucerne Festival Orchestra in 2003.Abbado's dramatic conduct, especially good at Italian opera, especially the works of G. Verdi and G. Rossini, is one of the most influential contemporary conductors. Today's videos: 1. Abbado conducting Berlin Philharmonic Mozart requiem; 2. Abbado conductor Luigi Nono, "Paths Over Water" (Maurizio Polini on piano). |
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| 莫瑞季欧·波里尼(Maurizio Polini ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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莫瑞季欧·波里尼1942年出生于米兰，早期在卡罗·隆那提门下习琴，在9岁就举行独奏会。后来他在米兰音乐学院向卡罗·维都索学习，在1959年即获得艾托瑞·波卓里大赛的首奖，次年在华沙的肖邦大赛里也是第一名，得到当时评审鲁宾斯坦的青睐，但后来他并没立刻发展出事业之高峰，转而回米开兰杰里学琴，自从这个时候开始，他在一些音乐大城举行独奏会，与最顶尖的指挥与乐团合作，而且录制了一些叫好又叫座的唱片。波里尼被视为一位具有高度智慧的钢琴家，往现代乐派的曲目(例如布列兹、史托克豪森、贝里诺)所做的努力与从事社会政治运动一样多。在他的钢琴生涯里曾做出几次大胆的改变，在录音室里有着技巧完美至上的录音，现场演出则弥漫着音乐的冲劲，他的演奏曲目，从葛苏阿到诺诺，都是无可取代的。 透过莫瑞奇欧·波里尼的探索和诠释，肖邦的音乐有了特殊的地位。十八岁时赢得1960年华沙肖邦钢琴大宝首奖是他首度的国际性成功，是这位格外早熟、1957年就赢得日内瓦大赛第二名的音乐家来自一个特殊家庭背景。莫瑞奇欧·波里尼是本世纪伟大的意大利建筑师吉诺·波里尼之子，后者和其最佳伙伴路易吉·费吉尼同为意大利理性主义派的领导人物。吉诺·波里尼略通音乐，曾学习过小提琴：其妻，蕾娜塔·梅勒悌曾学习过声乐和钢琴，雷诺塔的哥哥叫做浮士多·梅勒悌在成为雕刻家之前曾经做过职业钢琴演奏家，被他称为“艺术之母”的音乐构成他的艺术世界最基本的部份，他也曾谈论他自己的作品中的“对位风格的韵律分析”：波里尼和舅舅的关系也构成了他艺术发展的一部份，他一直对视觉艺术充满兴趣。在这样的家庭状况下，他会在六岁开始学习钢琴是很自然的，从那时候开始他的音乐天赋为人发觉，后来师从卡罗·隆纳提(卒于1955年)和卡罗·维杜索(于米兰音乐学院，自1955年起)，迅速展现早熟的才能。 |
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| 莫瑞季欧·波里尼(Maurizio Polini )演奏肖邦的《波兰舞曲》唱片封面 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Born in Milan in
1942, Maurizio Polini began playing the piano under Carlo Lonatti and
gave recitals at the age of nine.Later he music college in milan to
carlo d line study, in 1959 won the moxa torre, zhuo in competition
first prize, the Chopin competition in Warsaw, in the following year and
the first name, get the review rubinstein's favor, but then he didn't
immediately develop a career peak, turned back meters have lessons in
the ranger, since this time, he held in some music city recital,
cooperate with the top command and orchestra, and recorded some cheered
and good box office record.Polini was regarded as a highly intelligent
pianist who put as much effort into modern music (e.g., Bretz,
Stockhausen, Bellino) as into social and political movements.He made
several bold changes in his piano career, with studio recordings of
technical perfection and live performances imbued with musical momentum,
and his repertoire, from Garsua to Nono, was irreplaceable. Through Maurizio Polini's exploration and interpretation, Chopin's music has a special place.Winning the Warsaw Chopin Grand Piano First prize in 1960 at the age of 18 was his first international success, an unusually precocious musician who had won second place in the Geneva Competition in 1957 and came from a special family.Mauricio Bolini was the son of The great Italian architect of the century, Gino Bolini, who, along with his best friend luigi Figini, was a leading figure in Italian rationalism.Gino · wave in a slight knowledge of music, has been learning the violin: his wife, Lena, mailer and ever learning vocal music and piano, Renault tower brother called floating people, mailer and before becoming a sculptor used to be a professional pianist, he called the "mother of the art of music composition of his art world, the most basic part, he was talking about his own work" the rhythm of contrapuntal style analysis ": in the wave in the relationship with my uncle also constitute a part of his art, he has been interested in visual art full of.In such a family, it was natural that he should have taken up the piano at the age of six, when his musical talents were discovered and, later, under the tutelage of Carlo Lonatti (who died in 1955) and Carlo Viduso (at the Milan Conservatory, since 1955), he quickly showed his precocious talent |
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| 年轻的莫瑞季欧·波里尼(Maurizio Polini ） | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 路易吉·诺诺（Luigi Nono ） | |||||||||||||||||||||
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路易吉·诺诺(1924年1月29日-
1990年5月8日)，意大利当代音乐作曲家。 诺诺在威尼斯音乐学院学习，在那里他熟悉了连环画。(1955年，他与勋伯格的女儿努里亚结婚)。他成为电子音乐、幸运音乐和系列音乐的主要作曲家。 1950年，他参加了达姆施塔特的“Ferienkurse fur neue Musik”，在那里他遇到了瓦雷兹和卡尔海因茨•施托克豪森等作曲家。第一阶段的作品包括:《polifonica - monodicica - ritmica》(1951)、《Federico Garcia Lorca》(1952-1953)、《格尔尼卡的victoire de Guernica》(1954)和《Liebeslied》(1954)。他越来越拒绝分析serialism的方法，而倾向于音乐现象的整体性:Incontri (1955)， Il canto sospeso (1955-1956)， et Cori di Didone(1958)。 Nono致力于社会主义。1952年，他加入了共产党。他的前卫音乐也是对资产阶级文化的反叛。因此，他避开了大多数普通的音乐会流派，而青睐歌剧和电子音乐，并试图将音乐带入工厂。他在工作中经常引用政治文本。他的许多作品都带有明显的政治色彩:1956年出版的《一曲索索》(Il canto sospeso)，取材于战争压迫下受害者的书信，这些书信为他赢得了国际声誉;《生活》(1958)、《生活》(1960)、《生活》(1961)、《光明会》(1964)、《奥斯威辛谋杀案》(1966)、《马克思》(1969)、《世界》(1971)、《越南篇》(1973)和《生活》(1975)。从1956年开始，他对电子音乐越来越感兴趣，最初是在Gravesano (Scherchen)的“Elektroakustische实验工作室”。电子音乐的作品包括Como una ola de fuerza y luz pour soprano, piano, orchestra and tape(1971-1972)，…单丝sofferte宁静……钢琴和磁带(1974-1977)，特别是Al gran sole carico d'amore(1972-1975)。 1980年后，他在弗莱堡的“Heinrich stroell - stiftung des Sudwestfunks实验工作室”工作，毅然转向现场电子学。他对声音本身的特性越来越感兴趣。这种新方法在《Quando Stanno Morendeo Diario polacco n°2》(1982)、《Guai ai gelidi mostri》(1983)和《Omaggio a Kurtag》(1983)等作品中表现得很明显，但最重要的是在他的最后一部歌剧《Prometeo》(1984)中。本着同样的精神，他写了《碎片-斯蒂勒》(Fragmente - Stille)、《Diotima》(1980)、《No hay caminos》(No hay que caminar)……安德烈·塔科夫斯基为7组乐器(1987)，怀旧的未来的小提琴，现场电子和磁带(1988)。 |
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Luigi Nono (29 January 1924 - 8 May 1990) was an
Italian composer of contemporary music. Nono studied at the Venice Conservatoire where he became acquainted with serialism. (He married Schönberg's daughter Nuria in 1955). He became a leading composer of electronic, aleatory, and serial music. In 1950, he attended the "Ferienkurse für neue Musik" in Darmstadt, where he met composers such as Varèse and Karlheinz Stockhausen. Works from this first period include: Polifonica-Monodica-Ritmica (1951), Epitaffio per Federico García Lorca (1952-1953), La victoire de Guernica (1954) and Liebeslied (1954). He increasingly rejected the analytical approach of serialism in favour of the integrity of the musical phenomenon: Incontri (1955), Il canto sospeso, (1955-1956), et Cori di Didone (1958). Nono was committed to socialism. In 1952, he joined the Communist party. His avant-garde music was also a revolt against bourgeois culture. As such, he avoided most normal concert genres in favor of opera and electronic music, and sought to bring music to factories. He made frequent recourse to political texts in his work. Many of his works are overtly political: Il canto sospeso (1956), based on the letters of victims of wartime oppression, which brought him international fame; Diario polacco (1958), Intolleranza, (1960), Intolleranza (1961), La fabbrica illuminata (1964), Ricorda cosa ti hanno fatto ad Auschwitz (1966), Non consumiamo Marx (1969), Ein Gespenst geht um in der Welt (1971), Canto per il Vietnam (1973), and Al gran sole carico d'amore (1975). From 1956 onward, he was increasingly interested in electronic music, first at the "Elektroakustische Experimentalstudio" at Gravesano (Scherchen). Electronic music is involved in works like Como una ola de fuerza y luz pour soprano, piano, orchestra and tape (1971-1972), ...sofferte onde serene... for piano and tape (1974-1977) and especially Al gran sole carico d'amore (1972-1975). After 1980 he worked in the "Experimentalstudio der Heinrich Strobel-Stiftung des Südwestfunks" in Freiburg, where he resolutely turned to live electronics. He became increasingly interested in the properties of sound as such. The new approach became apparent in works such as Quando Stanno Morendeo Diario polacco n° 2 (1982), Guai ai gelidi mostri (1983) et Omaggio a Kurtág (1983), but above all in his last opera Prometeo (1984). In the same spirit he wrote Fragmente - Stille, an Diotima (1980), No hay caminos, hay que caminar... Andrei Tarkovski pour 7 groupes instrumentaux (1987), La lontananza nostalgica utopica futura for violin, live electronics and tape (1988). |
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| 路易吉·诺诺（Luigi Nono）和夫人努里亚·勋伯格·诺诺(Nuria Schoenberg Nono) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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1月29日是路易吉·诺诺90岁的生日。5月8日是他逝世24周年纪念日，从那以后，他的音乐从未停止过吸引观众。相反，它越来越受到世界上最负盛名的音乐厅、歌剧院和节日节目的关注。在我们的博客上，我们希望向这位伟大的音乐家表达敬意。 我们采访了他的妻子努里亚·勋伯格·诺诺(Nuria Schoenberg Nono)，她于1993年在威尼斯创立了诺诺档案中心(Archivio Nono)，如今是诺诺和当代音乐研究的主要机构。 |
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On January 29 Luigi Nono would have turned 90. May 8 will
mark his 24th anniversary of death, and since then his music has never
ceased to attract audiences. On the contrary, it has enjoyed more and
more attention on the programs of the world’s most prestigious concert
halls, opera houses, and festivals. On our blog we wish to pay homage to
this great musician. We have interviewed his wife Nuria Schoenberg Nono, who founded the Archivio Nono in Venice in 1993, today a fundamental host for research and study of Nono and contemporary music in general. |
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| 水上的小径-克劳迪奥·阿巴多、路易吉·诺诺和莫里齐奥·波里尼 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| A Trail on the Water - Claudio Abbado, Luigi Nono and Maurizio Pollini | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 这部2001年的纪录片通过与威尼斯作曲家路易吉·诺诺(1924-1991)建立了亲密的个人和音乐关系的两个音乐家的眼睛提供了一个肖像:克劳迪奥·阿巴多和莫里齐奥·波里尼。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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