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莫扎特之旅－文化交流－音乐历史上的今天


	田润德编译文/图 2020-06-20 20:36

达律斯·米约（Darius Milhaud 1892－1974）

让-吕克·庞蒂在加斯蒂兹音乐节演奏《蓝色的火车》等

爵士小提琴巨匠jean - luc Ponty——节日德爵士德威托利亚-加斯泰兹(2017)
Jean Luc Ponty, Bireli Lagrene和Kyle Eastwood - de Vitoria-Gasteiz爵士音乐节(2017)
让-吕克·庞蒂(Jean-Luc Ponty ) -小提琴
Bireli Lagrene -吉他
凯尔·伊斯特伍德-巴斯
蓝色的火车
来回
Samba巴黎
拉伸
安达卢西亚
仁慈,仁慈,怜悯
穿越沙漠
人造奶油

Jean Luc Ponty, Bireli Lagrene & Kyle Eastwood - Festival de Jazz de Vitoria-Gasteiz (2017)
Jean Luc Ponty - Violin
Biréli Lagrène - Guitar
Kyle Eastwood - Bass
Blue Train
To And Fro
Samba de Paris
Stretch
Andalucia
Mercy, Mercy, Mercy
Desert Crossing
Oleo

音乐历史上的今天

1924年6月20日，毕加索为米约的歌剧《蓝色火车》（Blue Train)绘制了大幕。这是一部舞蹈歌剧，描绘了百无聊赖的富人们从巴黎乘坐豪华列车到的路线。
1892年9月4日，达律斯·米约（Darius Milhaud ）出生于法国普罗旺斯艾克斯的一个富有的犹太家庭。父亲是个商人。父母都是犹太人。米约在孩提时代就能在家中的钢琴上即兴演奏乐曲。他７岁开始学小提琴，不久又开始学作曲。1909年他以入学的最低年龄考入巴黎音乐学院。开始主要是学小提琴。后来才逐渐意识到作曲才是最适合他的专业。
1918年１１月米约回到马黎，加入了由作家、画家和作曲家组成的“科克托集团”，并成为“六人团”的成员。然而由于性格和美学观点的不同，这一团体不久便解体了，它的成员们也都各奔前程了。但《屋顶的牛》（1919）和1921年由“六人团”联合创作的《埃菲尔铁塔的新婚者》为米约赢得了声望，从而在人们心目中他成了时尚的新奇作曲风格的开拓者。
1920年为了《屋顶的牛》的演出，米约来到伦敦，在那里他第一次听到比利·阿诺德及其乐队的爵士乐，回到法后，他开始沉浸于美国流行音乐。
1922年，米约以钢琴家和作曲家的身份访问了美国，并在哈佛大学、普林斯顿和哥伦比亚讲学。由于哈雷姆地道的黑人音乐激起了他的创作欲望，1923年他根据森德拉斯的剧本创作了舞剧《世界之创造》。第二年他又几乎是同时地推出了两部芭蕾舞剧：一部是为戴吉雷夫的剧本创作的《蓝色列车》，另一部是由马辛编舞的《沙拉》。后来，米约又将《沙拉》改编为钢琴与乐队而作的《艾克斯狂欢节》。
1940年，德国法西斯入侵法国。秋天，法西斯将米约这位犹太作曲家赶出了故乡。到了美国，米约在加利弗尼亚奥克兰的米尔斯学院任教直到战争结束。在此期间，他创作了大量的作品。1947年８月回到法国受到了热烈的欢迎，后被聘为巴黎音乐学院的教授并兼职于米尔斯学院，在此期间他几乎每年都以指挥和教师的身份访问美国，并与科罗拉多的爱斯彭音乐学校建立了长期联系。他在米尔斯学院的职位一直保持到1971年。
尽管他的健康情况不佳，但直到70多岁时他仍将全部精力投入到教学和创作中。法国为米约的70大寿举办了盛大的庆祝活动并大量出版了他的唱片。1971年，由于健康原因米约辞去了米尔斯学院的职位并迁居于日内瓦。当他80寿辰时，贺词从罗马、尼斯、艾克斯、布鲁塞尔以及其他各地纷纷发来。他最后一部作品是1973年创作的一部为以色列音乐节创作的《康塔塔》。1974年6月22日，米约逝世于日内瓦，享年82岁。

今日视频：1、爵士小提琴巨匠让-吕克·庞蒂在加斯蒂兹音乐节演奏《蓝色的火车》等曲目；2、约翰·柯川——《蓝色火车专辑》。
　

毕加索为米约的歌剧《蓝色火车》（Blue Train)绘制的大幕

毕加索有史以来最大的画作——一块10.4米长、11.7米宽的布，于1924年在俄罗斯芭蕾舞表演中使用。周四，这幅画在伦敦首次展出。画布,毕加索,但完成签署的设计和其他七个艺术家,在性能的独幕剧。芭蕾Le火车蓝色[]毕加索年代最大绘画,10.4米- 11.7米的布用在芭蕾的性能在1924年俄国人,在周四在伦敦首次展览。这幅油画由毕加索设计并签名，但由其他七位艺术家完成。Bronislava Nijinska的独幕剧《蓝色火车》(The Blue train)中使用了它。这幅作品将在V&一个专门为俄罗斯芭蕾舞团而设的博物馆的一个展览中成为一个明星，它在1968年被该博物馆买下，但之前从未展出过。300多件展品将在9月25日开幕的展览中展出:《帝亚吉列夫与俄罗斯芭蕾舞团1909-1929年的黄金时代》。
　

Largest Picasso painting exhibited in London
Pablo Picasso‘s largest-ever painting, a 10.4 metre-by-11.7 metre cloth used in a performance of the Ballets Russes in 1924, went on exhibition for the first time in London on Thursday. The canvas, designed and signed by Picasso but finished by seven other artists, was used in a performance of the one-act ballet “Le train bleu” […]
Pablo Picasso‘s largest-ever painting, a 10.4 metre-by-11.7 metre cloth used in a performance of the Ballets Russes in 1924, went on exhibition for the first time in London on Thursday.
The canvas, designed and signed by Picasso but finished by seven other artists, was used in a performance of the one-act ballet “Le train bleu” (The Blue Train) by Bronislava Nijinska.
The piece, which is to be a star exhibition in a show at the V&A Museum dedicated to the Russian ballet company, was bought by the museum in 1968 but never previously exhibited.
More than 300 items will go on show in the exhibition: “Diaghilev and the Golden Age of the Ballets Russes 1909-1929”, opening September 25.

巴勃罗·毕加索（Pablo Picasso 1881-1973）

巴勃罗·毕加索（Pablo Picasso，1881年10月25日～1973年4月8日），西班牙画家、雕塑家，法国共产党党员。是现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表。毕加索是当代西方最有创造性和影响最深远的艺术家，是20世纪最伟大的艺术天才之一。
毕加索的艺术生涯几乎贯穿其一生，作品风格丰富多样，后人用“毕加索永远是年轻的”的说法形容毕加索多变的艺术形式。史学上不得不把他浩繁的作品分为不同的时期——早年的“蓝色时期”、“粉红色时期”、盛年的“黑人时期”、“分析和综合立体主义时期”（又称“立体主义时期”）、后来的“超现实主义时期”等等。他于1907年创作的《亚威农少女》是第一张被认为有立体主义倾向的作品，是一幅具有里程碑意义的著名杰作。它不仅标志着毕加索个人艺术历程中的重大转折，而且也是西方现代艺术史上的一次革命性突破，引发了立体主义运动的诞生。
毕加索是位多产画家，据统计，他的作品总计近37000件，包括：油画1885幅，素描7089幅，版画20000幅，平版画6121幅。在1999年12月法国一家报纸进行的一次民意调查中，他以40%的高票当选为20世纪最伟大的十个画家之首。

Today in the history of music
On June 20, 1924, Picasso drew the curtain for Milo's opera Blue Train.It's a dance opera about bored rich people taking the luxury train from Paris to the Riviera.
Darius Milhaud was born on September 4, 1892, in Aix En Provence, France, to a wealthy Jewish family.My father is a businessman.His parents were Jewish.As a child, Mio was able to improvise on the piano at home.He took up the violin at the age of seven and soon took up composition.In 1909 he was admitted to the Paris Conservatory at the minimum age for admission.I started mainly learning violin.Later, he gradually realized that composing music was the most suitable major for him.
In November 1918, Milo returned to Marley and joined the Cocteau Group, a group of writers, painters and composers, and became a member of the Six.However, owing to differences in character and aesthetics, the group soon disintegrated, and its members went their separate ways.But "The Cow on the Roof" (1919) and "The Bride of the Eiffel Tower" (1921), co-composed by the Gang of Six, won Him fame and made him known as a pioneer of fashionable, novel composing styles.
In 1920 for the Bull on the Roof, Milo went to London, where he first heard Billy Arnold and his band jazz. Back in France, he became immersed in American pop music.
In 1922, Milo visited the United States as a pianist and composer and lectured at Harvard University, Princeton and Columbia.As harlem's authentic black music aroused his creative desire, in 1923 he wrote a dance play, Creation of the World, based on the Sonderas play.The following year he produced two ballettes almost simultaneously: "The Blue Train", written for A Script by Geoff Dygelev, and "Salad", choreographed by Massin.Later, Milo adapted "Sala" for the piano and band's "Carnival of Aix."
In 1940, German fascists invaded France.In the autumn, the Fascists chased the Jewish composer out of his homeland.In the United States, Milo taught at Mills College in Oakland, California until the end of the war.During this time, he created a large number of works.He returned to France in August 1947 to a warm welcome, and was hired as a professor at the Paris Conservatory and part-time at mills College, during which time he visited the United States almost every year as a conductor and teacher, and established a long-term relationship with the Aspen School of Music in Colorado.He held a position at Mills College until 1971.
Despite his poor health, he devoted himself to teaching and writing until well into his seventies.France celebrated Miyote's 70th birthday with lavish celebrations and a mass production of his recordings.In 1971, for reasons of health, She resigned from mills College and moved to Geneva.On his 80th birthday messages came in from Rome, Nice, Aix, Brussels and elsewhere.His last work was cantata for an Israeli music festival in 1973.Milo died in Geneva on June 22, 1974 at the age of 82.
Video of today: 1. Jean-luc Ponti, jazz violin master, played "Blue Train" at the Gastez Festival; 2. John Coltrane -- Blue Train Album.

米约的歌剧《蓝色火车》（Blue Train)是一部舞蹈歌剧，描绘了百无聊赖的富人们从巴黎乘坐豪华列车到里维埃拉的路线。

Mijo's opera, "Blue Train," drew the curtain.It's a dance opera about bored rich people taking the luxury train from Paris to the Riviera.

法国当年《蓝色火车》的车头就是这副摸样

让我们看看真实的《蓝色火车》（Blue Train)内部到底是什么样？

舒曼的套曲我想去巴黎里昂的巴黎之旅。
这间位于火车站楼上的餐厅与大皇宫、小皇宫和亚历山大三世大桥同时建造，以庆祝1900年的环球展览。
它完全在顶部和华丽的法国贝尔埃波克方式。
天鹅绒宴会，黄铜作品，彩色玻璃，水晶和房间装饰着许多非常美丽的风景和肖像画。

米约的歌剧《蓝色火车》（Blue Train)是一部舞蹈歌剧，描绘了百无聊赖的富人们从巴黎乘坐豪华列车到里维埃拉的路线。

Mijo's opera, "Blue Train," drew the curtain.It's a dance opera about bored rich people taking the luxury train from Paris to the Riviera.

1963年，在豪华的卧铺列车之后，这家餐馆变成了LeTrainBleu，这辆豪华的卧铺列车将使富人们在法国里维埃拉上玩耍。
今天，TGV列车不是LeTrainBleu，而是连接该国北部和南部的繁忙和实用的通勤服务。
它速度快，效率高，但也没有魅力；现代对实用性的要求取代了对魅力和奢华的要求。
这就是为什么老式的我在我的火车要出发前一个小时到达，在勒火车上安顿下来，点一些美味的东西吃和喝。
我沉浸在气氛中，欣赏装饰和人们观看。
旅行的风格我不是，但我开始我的航行最华丽的方式。

Mijo's opera, "Blue Train," drew the curtain.It's a dance opera about bored rich people taking the luxury train from Paris to the Riviera.

让-吕克·庞蒂(Jean-Luc Ponty )

让-吕克·庞蒂（1942年9月29日出生）是法国爵士小提琴家和作曲家。他惊人的演奏技巧总是让即兴的旋律如同乘着羽翼的歌声，自在又活跃。六十年代他曾与Stephane Grappelli(史提芬葛瑞波利)、Frank Zappa(法兰克萨帕)等人合作演奏前卫的录音，著名的"King Kong"就是一例。但七十年代中期之后他就成为技惊四座的爵士小提琴先躯。同时因为他有古典小提琴的背景，从绝对音感到即兴独奏，几乎再困难的技巧也难不倒他。然而他融合各种乐风，并大胆予以新意的作法，也让许多乐界人士啧啧称奇。当时相继邀他共同合作的乐手包括有Elton John(艾尔顿强)、John McLaughlin(约翰麦克劳夫伦)与众多当时的乐界精英，足是锐不可当。Jean Luc Ponty通过在小提琴上大胆运用电子与合成器效果，把小提琴从演奏纯音乐的乐器中解放出来。在爵士和摇滚领域，他是一个无可争辩的先锋小提琴领导者。他因为应用他自己独特的梦幻疾速风格演奏而被大家所尊敬。

法国小提琴家让-吕克·庞蒂Jean-Luc Ponty(1942)，他是一名音乐大师，他的作品是violino nell'era elettrica/elettronica, rendendolo Il fulcro del movimento爵士摇滚。最初是一名管弦乐队的音乐家，1964年首次登台演奏爵士乐(luglio)。《星期天散步的克劳迪娅组曲》(giugno 1967)，由沃尔夫冈·道纳钢琴伴奏的四重奏，尼尔斯·佩德森·巴索和丹尼尔·胡梅尔·巴特西亚组成。你可以模仿他的音乐，也可以模仿他的音乐，就像他的自由爵士乐一样。

法国小提琴家JeanLuc Ponty(1942年)将小提琴带入电子时代，并使之成为爵士摇滚运动的中坚力量。1964年7月，在22岁的时候，庞蒂被雇佣在一个交响乐团，首次登台演奏爵士乐。他的第一部重要作品是为钢琴家沃尔夫冈·道纳、贝斯手尼尔斯·佩德森和鼓手丹尼尔·胡梅尔创作的《星期天漫步的克劳迪娅组曲》(1967年6月)。庞蒂在乐器上已经发展出一种风格，基本上模仿了比波普独奏者的乐句，偶尔也会与自由爵士调情。

当他搬到洛杉矶时，他不仅与爵士摇滚调情，还开始与摇滚作曲家弗兰克·扎帕（1968)合作）。庞蒂与钢琴家乔治·杜克联手组成了电连接合奏（1969年3月)，其中包含了他的副声调德尔索尔和金刚合奏(1969年10月），由Zappa演奏音乐（特别是电子小提琴和低预算管弦乐队的音乐，这是爵士乐、摇滚和古典融合的杰作）。

让-吕克·庞蒂(Jean-Luc Ponty )

Il violinista francese Jean-Luc Ponty (1942) è il musicista che ha portato il violino nell'era elettrica/elettronica, rendendolo il fulcro del movimento jazz-rock. In origine musicista in un'orchestra sinfonica, Ponty debuttò all'età di 22 anni con Jazz Long Playing (luglio 1964). La sua prima composizione importante fu Suite For Claudia in Sunday Walk (giugno 1967), scritta per un quartetto con Wolfgang Dauner al piano, Niels Pedersen al basso e Daniel Humair alla batteria. Ponty aveva già sviluppato un suo stile con il violino, ad imitare il fraseggio dei solisti bebop, ed aveva già flirtato con il free jazz.
French violinist JeanLuc Ponty (1942) is the musician who took the violin into the electric/electronic age and made it a pivotal force of the jazz-rock movement. Originally employed in a symphony orchestra, Ponty debuted at the age of 22 with Jazz Long Playing (july 1964). His first important composition was Suite For Claudia on Sunday Walk (june 1967) for a quartet with pianist Wolfgang Dauner, bassist Niels Pedersen and drummer Daniel Humair. Ponty had already developed a style at the instrument that basically imitated the phrasing of the bebop soloist and occasionally flirted with free jazz.

He more than flirted with jazz-rock when, relocated to Los Angeles, he started working with rock composer Frank Zappa (1968). Ponty joined forces with pianist George Duke to form the ensemble of Electric Connection (march 1969), that contained his Hypomode Del Sol, and the ensemble of King Kong (october 1969), that performed music by Zappa (notably Music for Electric Violin and Low Budget Orchestra, a masterpiece of jazz, rock and classical fusion).

【约翰·柯川——蓝色火车专辑】

Clara 【John Coltrane - Blue Train 专辑】
Yeol Eum Son, piano

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