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| 斯蒂芬·茨威格（Stefan Zweig，1881—1942） | |||||||||||||||||||||
西蒙·拉特指挥马勒“千人交响曲” |
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| 西蒙·拉特于2011年指挥古斯塔夫·马勒“千人交响曲”时可谓万众瞩目，合唱团从舞台一直延伸到了观众席。这部作品在1910年首演时便吸引了齐格弗里德·瓦格纳、理查·施特劳斯、阿诺德·勋伯格、布努诺·瓦尔特、斯蒂芬·茨威格和托马斯·曼等人到场欣赏，可以说铸就了马勒一生中最辉煌的时刻。马勒本人也觉得这部作品是“我所有创作中为弘大的一部”。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| When Simon rutter conducted gustav mahler's "symphony of the thousand" in 2011, all eyes were on the choir, which stretched from stage to auditorium.When it was first performed in 1910, it attracted the attention of Siegfried Wagner, Richard strauss, Arnold schoenberg, bunno walter, Stephen zweig and Thomas mann, and arguably produced the greatest moment of mahler's life.Mahler himself described it as "the biggest of all my creations". | |||||||||||||||||||||
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音乐历史上的今天 1986年5月13日，奥地利作家、收藏家、剧作家斯蒂芬·茨威格财产管理方将180件收藏赠给大英图书馆，其中包括许茨一纸手稿、巴赫的一首康塔塔、海顿的《第97交响曲 》、舒伯特的《音乐颂》、弗洛伊德对莫扎特嗜粪癖的分析，全部是作者真迹。他为理查·施特劳斯撰写的歌剧《沉默的女人》的缩编谱也在这份遗赠中。
茨威格不是音乐家，我把茨威格的诞辰融入音乐史，并不仅仅是赞赏他在《日落西山》一文中引用了莎士比亚“音乐是心灵的养料”这句话。茨威格除了与萧伯纳一样是文学家里最好的古典音乐欣赏家，还是各种其他“家”里最著名的古典音乐收藏家，这两大“家”的辉煌与显赫，足以使音乐史异彩纷呈。 |
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| 斯蒂芬·茨威格（Stefan Zweig) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1900年茨威格（站）与兄弟阿尔弗雷德 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Zweig (station) 1900 with brother Alfred | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Today in the
history of music On May 13, 1986, Austrian writer stefan zweig, collectors, playwright property management will be 180 pieces of the collection to the British library, including xu, a paper manuscripts, Bach's a cantata, Haydn's 97th symphony, schubert's "ode to music", Freud's analysis of Mozart's dung fetish, all is the authentic.Among the bequests is a reduction of the score of the opera the silent woman, which he wrote for Richard strauss. Stephen zweig (1881-1942) was a famous Austrian writer and supporter of the anti-fascist movement.He has won a worldwide reputation for his unique style of biographical literature.His biography of Mary Antoinette and queen Mary of Scotland were a sensation in Europe and the world, and are still widely read today.Zweig has a high level of cultural accomplishment. He is not only good at poetry and writing novels, but also has done exquisite and original research on many world-famous writers, and has written many literary comments and biographies with full interest and unique insights, such as three poets and three masters.Zweig was the first Austrian writer to be introduced to our country. In 1928, the commercial press published his biographical literature "romain rolland".It was painful for him to watch the culture and civilization he had enjoyed all his life fall under the iron heel of fascism.The story of chess, written in 1941, was the grand finale of his life.It is a poignant portrayal of the suffering of the mentally hungry, and an angry denunciation of fascism.However, he finally could not endure the torture of mental starvation, in February 1942 wrote a heartfelt suicide letter, and his wife both calmly committed suicide in a foreign country of Brazil. Zweig was not a musician, and I put zweig's birthday into the history of music, not just to praise his reference to Shakespeare's "music is the nourishment of the soul" in "sunset".Zweig is not only the best classical music appreciator in literature, like Bernard shaw, but also the most famous classical music collector in all kinds of other "families". These two "families" are brilliant and prominent enough to make the history of music colorful. In Vienna, the city in which zweig was born, the average citizen reads his morning newspaper not so much to follow the debates in parliament and the world news, but first to focus on the plays of the palace theatre, which has an importance in the citizens' daily lives that other cities hardly understand.Zweig remembered one thing that happened to him:Face has been premiered Mozart "marriage of figaro" theatre will be split, Vienna, the city as a city's funeral will be held generally grief, when the curtain had been the end of the last performances, people "all hold on stage, so that I can at least pick up the pieces of the floor to a stage (their favorite artists who once) on the floor as a precious souvenirs to take home, and decades later can also see these citizens won't flash chips in a few families are stored in the small box in the home, like a holy cross pieces are kept in the church." From his boyhood, zweig had been hearing the excellent music of his wealthy father, who liked lohengrin.In a city have a passion for music and a family love of music, zweig start from high school to watch every new an opera production premiere, because if someone can't tell the other students in the morning premiere of every detail, so he in front of the more fortunate than his classmates will be very ashamed, and would tell the plot in a flow of words is especially actor lineup will feel more glory.He had listened to the first performance of a 12-tone system of schoenberg's youth, and he used to sneak into symphony orchestras with his classmates for listening and rehearsing. On the way to and from school, he talked about the rising and falling of conductors and singers.Zweig once said that when they saw mahler in the street, "it was like a man who had won a great victory and would report it to the class the next morning", and when he was introduced to Brahms at the age of 12, he was dazzled for days when Brahms gave him a friendly pat on the shoulder. In zweig's college days, he and his fellow students fought against the demolition of Beethoven's deathbed apartment in the form of petitions, marches and articles, knowing that the demolition of each of the historic houses in the music capital of Vienna was like taking a piece of their soul from them.He wrote in college has the beauty of music and form of poetry was published (with hoffman starr German poem after publishing house has to get (of the gift of poetry, was living in addition to outside the greatest composer Richard strauss Max Max reger to the school for his opinion, let he agreed to the sixth paved by Max reger song poetry.-- Music a madman Zweig. Today's video:1. Simon rutter conducting gustav mahler's symphony of the thousand;2. Documentary: European history -- stefan zweig 3. Zweig's world yesterday 4. Documentary: zweig in Brazil. |
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| 斯蒂芬·茨威格（Stefan Zweig)在纽约的时光，这是1941年茨威格临去世的前一年。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Stefan Zweig's time in New York, a year before Zweig's death in 1941. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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斯蒂芬·茨威格（Stefan
Zweig，1881年11月28日—1942年2月22日），奥地利小说家、诗人、剧作家、传记作家。代表作有短篇小说《象棋的故事》、《一个陌生女人的来信》，长篇小说《心灵的焦灼》，回忆录《昨日的世界》，传记《三大师》和《一个政治性人物的肖像》。
茨威格出身富裕犹太家庭，青年时代在维也纳和柏林攻读哲学和文学，日后周游世界，结交罗曼·罗兰和弗洛伊德等人并深受影响。创作诗、小说、戏剧、文论、传记，以传记和小说成就最为著称。第一次世界大战期间从事反战工作，1934年遭纳粹驱逐，流亡英国和巴西。1942年2月22日在巴西自杀。 |
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| 斯蒂芬·茨威格（Stefan Zweig)夫妇 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 斯蒂芬·茨威格（Stefan Zweig)和第二任妻子绿蒂。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1942年2月22日，茨威格与妻子服毒自杀 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| On February 22, 1942, zweig and his wife committed suicide by taking poison | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 人类群星闪耀时(序言) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 斯蒂芬·茨威格 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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没有一个艺术家会在他一天的二十四小时之内始终处于不停的艺术创作之中；所有那些最具特色、最有生命力的成功之笔往往只产生在难得而又短暂的灵感勃发的时刻。历史——我们把它赞颂为一切时代最伟大的诗人和演员……亦是如此，它不可能持续不断的进行新的创造。尽管歌德曾怀着敬意把历史成为“上帝的神秘作坊”，但在这作坊里发生的，却是许多数不胜数无关紧要和习以为常的事。在这里也像在艺术和在生活中到处遇到的情况一样，那些难忘的非常时刻并不多见。这个作坊通常只是作为编年史家，冷漠而持之以恒地把一件一件的事实当做一个又一个的环节连成一条长达数千年的链条，因为所有那些最重要的历史性时刻都需要有酝酿的时间，每一桩真正的事件都需要有一个发展过程。在一个民族内，为了产生一位天才，总是需要有几百万人。一个真正具有世界历史意义的时刻——一个人类的群星闪耀时刻出现以前，必须会有漫长的岁月无谓地流逝而去。 不过诚如在艺术上一旦有一位天才产生就会流芳百世一样，这种具有世界历史意义的时刻一旦发生，就会决定几十年甚至几百年的历史进程。就像避雷针的尖端集中了整个大气层的电流一样，那些数不胜数的事件也都往往挤在这最短的时间内发生。那些平时慢慢悠悠顺序发生和并列发生的事，都压缩在这样一个决定一切的短暂时刻表现出来。这一时刻对世世代代作出不可改变的决定，它决定着一个人的生死、一个民族的存亡甚至整个人类的命运。 这种充满戏剧性和命运攸关的时刻在个人的一生中和历史的进程中都是难得的；这种时刻往往只发生在某一天、某一小时甚至常常只发生在某一分钟，但它们的决定性影响却是超越时间的。在这里，我想从极其不同的时代和地区回顾群星闪耀的某些时刻——我这样称呼那些时刻，是因为它们宛若星辰一般永远散射着光辉，普照着暂时的黑暗。但我丝毫不想通过自己的虚构来增加或者冲淡所发生的一切的内外真实性，因为在那些非常时刻，历史本身已表现得十分完全，无须任何后来的帮手。历史是真正的诗人和戏剧家，任何一个作家都别想超越它。巴西。 |
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| 我收藏的《三人书简》高尔基、罗曼罗兰、茨威格三人书信集封面。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 《三人书简》前言节选： | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 斯蒂芬·茨威格（1881-1942）是奥地利著名作家，反法西斯运动的拥护者。他以独特风格的传记文学作品赢得世界声誉。他的《玛利亚·安他涅特传》、《苏格兰玛利皇后传》等书曾轰动欧洲和世界，至今尚有大量读者。茨威格有极高深的文化素养，他不只能诗、善写小说，而且对许多举世闻名的文学家进行了精湛独到的研究，写出了《三诗人》，《三大师》等许多逸趣横生、见解独特的文学评传。茨威格是第一个被介绍到我国的奥地利作家，一九二八年商务印书馆出版了他的传记文学著作《罗曼·罗兰》希特勒在欧洲燃起战火后，由于法西斯的迫害，茨威格远离故土，两渡重洋，亡命巴西。眼看着他终生陶醉的文化和文明在法西斯的铁蹄下沦亡，他极为痛苦。一九四一年写出的《象棋的故事》是他一生的压卷之作。这部作品沉痛地描绘了精神饥饿者的痛苦，忿怒谴责了法西斯主义。然而他终于忍受不了精神饥馑的折磨，于一九四二年二月写了一封感情真切的遗书后，与妻子双双从容自尽于异邦 。 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Stephen zweig (1881-1942) was a famous Austrian writer and supporter of the anti-fascist movement.He has won a worldwide reputation for his unique style of biographical literature.His biography of Mary Antoinette and queen Mary of Scotland were a sensation in Europe and the world, and are still widely read today.Zweig has a high level of cultural accomplishment. He is not only good at poetry and writing novels, but also has done exquisite and original research on many world-famous writers, and has written many literary comments and biographies with full interest and unique insights, such as three poets and three masters.Zweig was the first Austrian writer to be introduced to our country. In 1928, the commercial press published his biographical literature "romain rolland".It was painful for him to watch the culture and civilization he had enjoyed all his life fall under the iron heel of fascism.The story of chess, written in 1941, was the grand finale of his life.It is a poignant portrayal of the suffering of the mentally hungry, and an angry denunciation of fascism.However, he finally could not endure the torture of mental starvation. In February 1942, he wrote a heartfelt suicide letter and killed himself in a foreign country together with his wife. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 茨威格的自传《昨日的世界》 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 茨威格《昨日的世界》序 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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在他们生活的日子里，大概也在什么地方发生过战争，不过用今天的规模来衡量，那只不过是一场小仗，而且是在遥远的边境线上进行，人们听不见隆隆的大炮声，再说半年之后也就烟消云散了，被人们所忘却，成了枯萎的一页历史。老一套的生活又重新开始。可是我们这一代人过的生活、一切都不会重复，已过去的生活不会留下任何痕迹，再也不会回来。我们这一代人最大限度地饱尝了以往历史有节制地分落到一个国家、一个世纪的一切。以往，充其量是这一代人经历了革命，下一代人遇到了暴乱，第三代人碰到了战争，第四代人尝到了饥谨，第五代人遭到了国家经济的崩溃———况且，总有一些幸运的国家，幸运的几代人，根本什么都没有碰上。而我们今天六十岁的这一代人和比我们略微年长一些的一代人，什么事情没有见过，什么事情没有遭受过，什么事情没有经历过？凡是能想象得出的一切灾难，我们都从头至尾一一饱尝过（而且还没有尝尽）。 我自己就是人类两次最大战争的同代人，甚至每次是在不同的战线上经历，第一次大战是站在德国这一边，第二次大战是站在反德国这一边。我在战前曾享受过最充分的个人自由，但在战后却尝到了数百年来最大的不自由。我曾被人大肆赞美过，也曾被人无端排斥过，我曾自由过，也曾不自由过，我曾富有过，也曾贫穷过。《约翰启示录》里那几匹苍白的马（分别象征瘟疫、战争、饥馑、死亡———译者注，下同）全都闯入过我的生活，那就是革命和饥馑、货币贬值和恐怖统治、时疫疾病和政治流亡。我曾亲眼目睹各种群众性思潮———意大利的法西斯主义、德国的国家社会主义、俄国的布尔什维主义———的产生和蔓延，尤其是那不可救药的瘟疫———毒害了我们欧洲文化之花的民族主义。于是，我也就势必成了一个手无寸铁、无能为力的见证人，目击人类不可想象地倒退到以为早已被人忘却了的野蛮之中，这是一种有它自己的纲领性、自觉的反对人性的野蛮，使我们在经过了若干世纪之后，重又见到了不宣而战的战争，见到了集中营、严刑拷打、大肆抢劫和对不设防城市的轰炸。所有这一切兽行是我们以前的几代人未曾见识过的，也但愿我们的后代人再也不会容忍的。 不过，与此自相矛盾的是，我在这个使我们的世界在道德方面倒退了将近一千年的同一时代里，也看到了同样的人类由于在技术和智力方面取得的未曾预料到的成就而使自己大大进步，一跃超越了以往几百万年所取得的业绩。人用飞机征服了太空，地面上的话可以在同一秒钟之内传遍全球从而克服了世界的空间距离，原子的裂变战胜了最险恶的潜伏疾病。这些昨天还不可能的事情，如今几乎每天都在重演。总之，在我们之前，作为整体的人类，以前既没有露出过像我们所见到的那种恶魔般的狰狞面目，也没有建树过那种好像是神明创造的业绩。我似乎觉得，为我们所经历过的那种紧张而又富有戏剧性的生活作见证，是一种应尽的义务，因为每个人都是那些巨大转变的见证人，而且是迫不得已的见证人———我再重复一遍。对我们这一代人来说，不存在任何的逃避，不可能像我们先辈那样置身于局外；由于同时性的新机制，我们始终和时代休戚相关。如果炸弹在上海摧毁房屋，在受伤的人尚未被抬出他们的房屋以前，我们在欧洲的自己房间里就已经知道了。发生在一千海里以外大洋那边的事，很快就会印成图片展现在我们面前，犹如亲临其境。面对这种不断的彼此沟通和介入，也就没有什么可以躲避的保险地方了。没有一块可以逃遁的土地；没有一种可以用钱买到的安宁。命运之手随时随地会把我们攫住，把我们拽到它的永不知足的戏弄之中。 再说，一个人必须始终服从国家的要求，任自己去当最最愚蠢的政治的牺牲品，让自己去适应最最离奇的变化，使自己永远和共同的命运联系在一起，尽管他竭力抵抗，共同的命运还是不可抗拒地把他卷进去。一个从头至尾经历了这样一个时代的人，或者确切地说，一个被驱赶着、追逐着———我们很少有喘息的机会———经历了这样一个时代的人，就会比自己的任何一个祖先具有更多的阅历。况且，即便到了今天，我们也仍然处在旧的结束和新的开始的转折之中。所以，我把我的生平回忆暂时在一个特定的日期告一段落，并不是完全没有意图的。因为一九三九年九月的那一天，标志着造就和教育我们这些六十岁人的时代的彻底结束。不过，如果我们能以自己的见证为下一代人留下我们那个时代分崩离析的真实情况，哪怕是一星半点，也算是我们没有完全枉度一生。 |
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| 欧洲历史-斯蒂芬.茨威格.Stefan.Zweig | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 【纪念茨威格】The.Grand.Budapest.Hotel昨日世界 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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“微弱的文明之光，仍存留在这野蛮的屠场里，这就是人性。”——维斯·安德森致敬斯蒂芬·茨威格， 《布达佩斯大饭店》灵感来自《昨日的世界》 |
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"It is human nature that the faint light of
civilization still lingers in this barbaric
slaughterhouse."-- wes Anderson to Stephen zweig, The grand Budapest hotel was inspired by yesterday's world |
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| 故国破碎、民族遭屠、作品被禁，茨威格的命运是欧洲的葬曲 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 罗曼罗兰、弗洛伊德密友 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 被希特勒“封禁”的天才作家 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 被一战与二战摧毁的20世纪文学巨匠都不足以概括他悲剧的一生 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 群星闪耀，诸神坠落 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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昨日世界连环崩塌 |
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| 一位理想主义者 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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决定提前离场 |
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| 一起回顾天才作家茨威格的失意人生 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ——茨威格逝世80周年祭—— | |||||||||||||||||||||
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