威廉·S·吉尔伯特,萨利文日式轻歌剧《日本天皇》1966版/

花腔女高Valerie Masterson

1836年11月18日，W.S.吉尔伯特再伦敦斯特兰德区的南汉普顿街17号出生。两岁时，他在那不勒斯被土匪绑架。

威廉·施文克·吉尔伯特爵士（Sir William  Gilbert，1836－1911）是英国剧作家、诗人和插画家，最著名的是他与作曲家阿瑟·苏利文的合作，创作了14部喜剧歌剧。其中最著名的有H.M.S. Pinafore、《彭赞斯的海盗》和音乐剧历史上最常演出的作品之一《米卡多》。一个多世纪以来，吉尔伯特、苏利文和他们的制作人理查德·多伊利·卡特(Richard D’oyly Carte)创办的多伊利·卡特歌剧公司(D’oyly Carte Opera company)在英国和海外常年演出，为这些作品的流行提供了支持。这些萨伏伊歌剧仍然经常在英语世界和其他地方演出。

吉尔伯特(1836年11月18日生于英国伦敦，1911年5月29日卒于英国米德尔塞克斯郡哈罗威尔德)，英国剧作家、幽默作家，以与阿瑟·苏利文合作创作喜剧歌剧而闻名。吉尔伯特开始写押韵的对偶句、双关语和滑稽的时代 ；他早期的作品表现出一种奢侈作家常有的滑稽。但他抛弃了这种风格，发展出一种真正巧妙的风格来嘲弄当代的行为。他的许多最初的目标不再是时下流行的前拉斐尔派美学家的耐心;妇女教育(艾达公主);维多利亚时代关于康沃尔海盗的戏剧(彭赞斯的海盗);乔利杰克·塔的长期戏剧风尚(h·m·s·皮纳弗)；浮夸的情节剧(鲁迪戈尔)但是吉尔伯特的滑稽表演是如此的好，它创造了自己的真理。作为一名剧作家，吉尔伯特之所以杰出，不仅因为他处理文字并将其塑造成音乐形态的天赋，还因为通过他的文字，他为作曲家提供了嘲弄音乐传统的机会。吉尔伯特早年的抱负是当一名律师，1861年的一笔遗产使他得以离开公职追求这一职业。他于1863年11月获得律师资格。然而，1861年，他开始为Fun杂志创作喜剧诗歌，他自己配了插图，并在Bab上签名。这些作品后来被收集为巴布民谣(1869年)，接着是更多的巴布民谣(1873年);这两个集合，包含了许多后来的歌剧的胚芽，与萨伏伊德之歌(1898年)合为一卷。吉尔伯特的戏剧生涯始于一位剧作家托马斯·威廉·罗伯逊推荐他为能在两周内写出一首欢快的圣诞乐曲的人。吉尔伯特立即写信给杜尔卡马拉;或者，《小鸭子和大庸医》获得了商业上的成功，随之而来的还有其他的委托。

吉尔伯特为戏剧舞台写了几部流行的滑稽短剧:《甜心》(1874年)、《订婚》(1877年)、《罗森克兰茨与吉尔登斯特恩》(1891年)。他还为其他作曲家创作了剧本 ；他的最后一部歌剧《堕落的仙女》的音乐;或者，《邪恶的世界》(1909)是爱德华·格曼写的。他的最后一出戏《流氓》于1911年上演。1907年，吉尔伯特被封为爵士。他死于心脏病突发，起因是在他的乡间别墅里，他在抢救一名溺水的妇女时抢救了她。

今日视频：1、威廉·S·吉尔伯特,萨利文日式轻歌剧《日本天皇》1966年版；2、梅根·韦斯顿在歌剧《彭赞斯海盗》中演唱了《可怜的魔杖》；3、喜剧《吉尔伯特与苏利文 》（中文字幕）。                       
　

W.S. Gilbert was born on November 18, 1836, at 17 Southampton Street in the Strand, London.At the age of two, he was kidnapped by bandits in Naples.
Sir William Schwink Gilbert was an English playwright, poet, and illustrator, best known for his collaborations with composer Arthur Sullivan, producing 14 comic operas.Among the most famous are H.M.S. Pinafore, Pirates of Penzance, and Mikado, one of the most frequently performed works in the history of musicals.For more than a century, the D 'Oyly Carte Opera Company, founded by Gilbert, Sullivan and their producer, Richard D 'Oyly Carte, performed year-round in Britain and abroad, supporting the popularity of these works.These Savoy operas are still frequently performed in the English-speaking world and elsewhere.
Gilbert (born November 18, 1836, London, England; died May 29, 1911, Harrowville, Middlesex, England) was an English playwright and humorist, best known for his collaborations with Arthur Sullivan in comic operas.Gilbert began writing rhyming antiverses, puns, and funny times;His early work displayed a zany quality often associated with extravagant writers.But he abandoned that style and developed a truly ingenious way of mocking contemporary behavior.Many of his original aims were no longer the patience of the prevailing pre-Raphaelite aesthetes;Women's education (Princess IDA);Victorian drama about Cornish pirates (Penzance's pirates);The perennial dramatic fashion of Jolly Jack Ta (H. M. S. Pinafer);Pompous melodrama (Rudy Gore) but Gilbert's antics are so good that they create their own truth.Gilbert distinguished himself as a dramatist not only because of his gift for manipulating words and shaping them into musical forms, but also because through his words he gave composers the opportunity to mock musical traditions.Gilbert had an early ambition to be a lawyer, and an inheritance in 1861 enabled him to leave public office to pursue it.He was admitted to the bar in November 1863.In 1861, however, he began writing comic poems for Fun magazine, which he illustrated himself and signed at Bab.These works were later collected as Babu ballads (1869), followed by more babu ballads (1873);These two collections, which contain the germ of many later operas, are combined in one volume with the Savoid song (1898).Gilbert's theatrical career began when a playwright, Thomas William Robertson, recommended him as someone who could write a cheerful Christmas piece in two weeks.Gilbert immediately wrote to Dulcamara;Or "The Duckling and the Great Quack" became a commercial success, with other commissions to follow.
Gilbert wrote several popular skits for the theatrical stage: Honey (1874), Betrothal (1877), Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern (1891).He also wrote plays for other composers;Music from his last opera, the Fallen Fairy;Or, an Evil World (1909) was written by Edward Goelman.His last play, Hooligan, was performed in 1911.Gilbert was knighted in 1907.He died of a heart attack as a result of rescuing a drowning woman in his country house.
Video of the Day: 1. William S. Gilbert, Sullivan operetta The Emperor of Japan, 1966; 2.2. Megan Weston sang The Poor Wand in Pirates of Penzance;3. Comedy Gilbert and Sullivan (Chinese subtitles).

Megan Weston sings Mabel's aria Poor Wand'ring One from Gilbert & Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance with Benjamin Robinson as Frederic, April 2010.

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