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莫扎特之旅－音乐历史上的今天－阿隆·柯普兰的单簧管协奏曲


	田润德编译文/图 2020-01-11 16:46

阿隆·科普兰(Aaron Copland,1900~1990)

马丁·弗罗斯特和挪威室内乐团演奏科普兰单簧管协奏曲

音乐历史上的今天
1925年1月11日科普兰（Aaron Copland）的交响曲在纽约上演被嘘，指挥瓦尔特·达姆罗什（Walter Damrosch曾任纽约爱乐的指挥）宣称：“一个23岁就能写出这样一部交响曲的年轻人，在五年之内他一定会犯下谋杀罪行。”
听了科普兰的单簧管协奏曲，使我不禁想起莫言在谈到第一次读到《百年孤独》后所说的:“心情是难以形容的，就像马尔克斯在巴黎读到卡夫卡一样,感到非常惊讶，拍案而起,原来小说可以这么写。”原来音乐也可以这样写。
再听科普兰的《阿巴拉契亚之春》我更是感慨万千，他的音乐有一种特殊的旋律美，丰富多彩的和声变化，美国本土爵士的布鲁斯(Blues)和拉格泰姆(Ragtime)丰富多彩，多棱镜的折射一般光彩绽放。甚至比德彪西的印象派更加色彩斑斓，美的让人窒息。
阿隆·科普兰（Aaron opland，1900—1990）美国作曲家。祖籍俄罗斯，是第一位被认为有本土风味的美国作曲家。科普兰的老师是戈德马克，他的第一首作品是《管风琴交响曲》（第一交响曲，作于1924）。科普兰是美国20世纪最重要最富有影响力的作曲家之一，他的创作对美国近现代音乐的发展有着举足轻重的影响。这部《单簧管协奏曲》作于1947—1948年，是为当时美国最炙手可热的爵士单簧管演奏家本尼·古德曼(Benny Goodman)而作。这部作品融合了多种音乐音乐元素的一部佳作。
今日视频：1、马丁·弗罗斯特和挪威室内乐团（Martin Frost and the Norwegian Chamber Orchestra）演奏科普兰的单簧管协奏曲。2、猫和老鼠（音频+乐谱）演奏：亚伦·科普兰。

Today in music history
When the Aaron opland symphony was performed in New York on January 11, 1925, the conductor Walter Damrosch declared, "a young man who could write such a symphony at the age of 23 would be guilty of murder within five years."
After listening to copeland's clarinet concerto, I couldn't help but recall what mo yan said about reading "one hundred years of solitude" for the first time: "the mood is indescribable, just like that of gabriel Garcia marquez reading kafka in Paris.
Then I listened to copeland's "Appalachian spring" and was filled with emotions. His music had a special melodic beauty, colorful harmonic changes, rich Blues and Ragtime of native American jazz, and the general brilliance of refraction through multiple prismatic lenses.Even more colorful than Debussy's impressionism, the beauty is suffocating.
Aaron opland (1900 -- 1990) American composer.Originally from Russia, he was the first American composer to be considered indigenous.Copland was taught by goldmark, whose first work was the organ symphony (symphony no. 1, 1924).Copland is one of the most important and influential American composers in the 20th century.The clarinet concerto was written in 1947-48 for Benny Goodman, one of America's most sought-after jazz clarinetists.This work is an excellent blend of musical elements.
Today's video: 1. Martin Frost and the Norwegian Chamber Orchestra perform Copeland's Clarinet Concerto. 2. Tom and Jerry (audio + sheet music) performed by Aaron Copeland.
Copland's clarinet concerto, written for benny goodman, 1947-1948, dedicated to goodman.A total of 2 movements: 1, slow and expressive, three body.The theme is similar to the melody of satie's "kino grimes".The middle section is designated as "wider ground".Copeland explains the movement: "in the material, elements related to north and South American popular music are subliminally combined, such as a Brazilian pop song I heard in Rio, used as a refrain in F major";2. Come on, rondo of freedom.Copland instructs "the main instrument is delicate and ghostly", with a rumba rhythm in the middle and a rumba tone at the end of the jazz's stubborn bass.

阿隆·科普兰(Aaron Copland)

科普兰《单簧管协奏曲》，作于1947-1948年，为摇滚王班尼.古德曼而作，呈献给古德曼。共2个乐章：1、慢而表情丰富地，三段体。主题类似于萨蒂的《金诺悲啼曲》那样的旋律。中段指定为“较宽广地”。科普兰对这一乐章做了说明：“在那些素材之中，下意识揉合了南北美洲通俗音乐有关的要素，例如我在里约时听到的一段巴西流行歌曲，以F大调用作副歌”； 2、快一点，自由的回旋曲。科普兰指示“主奏乐器细腻而幽灵般地”，中间部分有伦巴舞曲节奏，最后在爵士顽固低音节奏下，又以伦巴舞曲音型结束。

Copland's Clarinet Concerto, composed in 1947-1948, was written by the rock king Benny. Written by Goodman, dedicated to Goodman. There are two movements in total: 1. Slow and expressive, in a ternary form. The theme is similar to the melody of Sati's "Kino's Lament". The middle section is designated as "wider area". Copland explained this movement: "Among those materials, elements related to popular music from North and South America were subconsciously integrated. For instance, a Brazilian pop song I heard in Rio was used as a chorus in F major." 2. Hurry up, free rondo. Copland instructed that "the lead instrument is delicate and ghostly", with a rumba rhythm in the middle part, and finally ends with a rumba pattern under the stubborn bass rhythm of jazz.

【钢琴】科普兰 - 猫和老鼠

Aaron Copland - 猫和老鼠（音频+乐谱）
（表演：亚伦·科普兰）

Aaron Copland - The Cat and The Mouse (audio + sheet music) (Performance by: Aaron Copland)

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